$ sudo subscription-manager register # If not done already
In OKD version 4.11, you can install a cluster on OpenStack that runs on user-provisioned infrastructure.
Using your own infrastructure allows you to integrate your cluster with existing infrastructure and modifications. The process requires more labor on your part than installer-provisioned installations, because you must create all OpenStack resources, like Nova servers, Neutron ports, and security groups. However, Red Hat provides Ansible playbooks to help you in the deployment process.
You reviewed details about the OKD installation and update processes.
You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
You verified that OKD 4.11 is compatible with your OpenStack version by using the Supported platforms for OpenShift clusters section. You can also compare platform support across different versions by viewing the OKD on OpenStack support matrix.
You have an OpenStack account where you want to install OKD.
You understand performance and scalability practices for cluster scaling, control plane sizing, and etcd. For more information, see Recommended host practices.
On the machine from which you run the installation program, you have:
A single directory in which you can keep the files you create during the installation process
Python 3
To support an OKD installation, your OpenStack quota must meet the following requirements:
Resource | Value |
---|---|
Floating IP addresses |
3 |
Ports |
15 |
Routers |
1 |
Subnets |
1 |
RAM |
88 GB |
vCPUs |
22 |
Volume storage |
275 GB |
Instances |
7 |
Security groups |
3 |
Security group rules |
60 |
Server groups |
2 - plus 1 for each additional availability zone in each machine pool |
A cluster might function with fewer than recommended resources, but its performance is not guaranteed.
If OpenStack object storage (Swift) is available and operated by a user account with the |
By default, your security group and security group rule quotas might be low. If you encounter problems, run openstack quota set --secgroups 3 --secgroup-rules 60 <project> as an administrator to increase them.
|
An OKD deployment comprises control plane machines, compute machines, and a bootstrap machine.
By default, the OKD installation process creates three control plane machines.
Each machine requires:
An instance from the OpenStack quota
A port from the OpenStack quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota
By default, the OKD installation process creates three compute machines.
Each machine requires:
An instance from the OpenStack quota
A port from the OpenStack quota
A flavor with at least 8 GB memory and 2 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota
Compute machines host the applications that you run on OKD; aim to run as many as you can. |
During installation, a bootstrap machine is temporarily provisioned to stand up the control plane. After the production control plane is ready, the bootstrap machine is deprovisioned.
The bootstrap machine requires:
An instance from the OpenStack quota
A port from the OpenStack quota
A flavor with at least 16 GB memory and 4 vCPUs
At least 100 GB storage space from the OpenStack quota
The Ansible playbooks that simplify the installation process on user-provisioned infrastructure require several Python modules. On the machine where you will run the installer, add the modules' repositories and then download them.
These instructions assume that you are using Fedora 8. |
Python 3 is installed on your machine.
On a command line, add the repositories:
Register with Red Hat Subscription Manager:
$ sudo subscription-manager register # If not done already
Pull the latest subscription data:
$ sudo subscription-manager attach --pool=$YOUR_POOLID # If not done already
Disable the current repositories:
$ sudo subscription-manager repos --disable=* # If not done already
Add the required repositories:
$ sudo subscription-manager repos \
--enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms \
--enable=openstack-16-tools-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms \
--enable=ansible-2.9-for-rhel-8-x86_64-rpms \
--enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms
Install the modules:
$ sudo yum install python3-openstackclient ansible python3-openstacksdk python3-netaddr
Ensure that the python
command points to python3
:
$ sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3
Download Ansible playbooks that you can use to install OKD on your own OpenStack infrastructure.
The curl command-line tool is available on your machine.
To download the playbooks to your working directory, run the following script from a command line:
$ xargs -n 1 curl -O <<< '
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/bootstrap.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/common.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/compute-nodes.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/control-plane.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/inventory.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/network.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/security-groups.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-bootstrap.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-compute-nodes.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-control-plane.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-load-balancers.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-network.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-security-groups.yaml
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/release-4.11/upi/openstack/down-containers.yaml'
The playbooks are downloaded to your machine.
During the installation process, you can modify the playbooks to configure your deployment. Retain all playbooks for the life of your cluster. You must have the playbooks to remove your OKD cluster from OpenStack. |
You must match any edits you make in the |
Before you install OKD, download the installation file on a local computer.
You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space.
Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster. |
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider. |
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar -xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.
Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}}
as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.
If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager:
Red Hat Operators are not available.
The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.
Content from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.
During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list for the core
user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core
. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather
command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required. |
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs. |
On clusters running Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the SSH keys specified in the Ignition config files are written to the |
If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)
1 | Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 , of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory. |
If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS validated or Modules In Process cryptographic libraries on the |
View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pub
For example, run the following to view the ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
public key:
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the ./openshift-install gather
command.
On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as |
If the ssh-agent
process is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Agent pid 31874
If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA. |
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent
:
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)
1 | Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 |
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
The OKD installation program requires that a Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image be present in the OpenStack cluster. Retrieve the latest FCOS image, then upload it using the OpenStack CLI.
The OpenStack CLI is installed.
Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal’s Product Downloads page.
Under Version, select the most recent release of OKD 4.11 for Fedora 8.
The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must download images with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image versions that match your OKD version if they are available. |
Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) - OpenStack Image (QCOW).
Decompress the image.
You must decompress the OpenStack image before the cluster can use it. The name of the downloaded file might not contain a compression extension, like
|
From the image that you downloaded, create an image that is named rhcos
in your cluster by using the OpenStack CLI:
$ openstack image create --container-format=bare --disk-format=qcow2 --file rhcos-${RHCOS_VERSION}-openstack.qcow2 rhcos
Depending on your OpenStack environment, you might be able to upload the image in either .raw or .qcow2 formats. If you use Ceph, you must use the .raw format.
|
If the installation program finds multiple images with the same name, it chooses one of them at random. To avoid this behavior, create unique names for resources in OpenStack. |
After you upload the image to OpenStack, it is usable in the installation process.
The OKD installation process requires external network access. You must provide an external network value to it, or deployment fails. Before you begin the process, verify that a network with the external router type exists in OpenStack.
Using the OpenStack CLI, verify the name and ID of the 'External' network:
$ openstack network list --long -c ID -c Name -c "Router Type"
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| ID | Name | Router Type |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
| 148a8023-62a7-4672-b018-003462f8d7dc | public_network | External |
+--------------------------------------+----------------+-------------+
A network with an external router type appears in the network list. If at least one does not, see Creating a default floating IP network and Creating a default provider network.
If the Neutron trunk service plugin is enabled, a trunk port is created by default. For more information, see Neutron trunk port. |
At deployment, all OKD machines are created in a OpenStack-tenant network. Therefore, they are not accessible directly in most OpenStack deployments.
You can configure OKD API and application access by using floating IP addresses (FIPs) during installation. You can also complete an installation without configuring FIPs, but the installer will not configure a way to reach the API or applications externally.
Create floating IP (FIP) addresses for external access to the OKD API, cluster applications, and the bootstrap process.
Using the OpenStack CLI, create the API FIP:
$ openstack floating ip create --description "API <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>
Using the OpenStack CLI, create the apps, or ingress, FIP:
$ openstack floating ip create --description "ingress <cluster_name>.<base_domain>" <external_network>
By using the OpenStack CLI, create the bootstrap FIP:
$ openstack floating ip create --description "bootstrap machine" <external_network>
Add records that follow these patterns to your DNS server for the API and ingress FIPs:
api.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN A <API_FIP>
*.apps.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>. IN A <apps_FIP>
If you do not control the DNS server, you can access the cluster by adding the cluster domain names such as the following to your
The cluster domain names in the |
Add the FIPs to the
inventory.yaml
file as the values of the following
variables:
os_api_fip
os_bootstrap_fip
os_ingress_fip
If you use these values, you must also enter an external network as the value of the
os_external_network
variable in the inventory.yaml
file.
You can make OKD resources available outside of the cluster by assigning a floating IP address and updating your firewall configuration. |
You can install OKD on OpenStack without providing floating IP addresses.
In the
inventory.yaml
file, do not define the following
variables:
os_api_fip
os_bootstrap_fip
os_ingress_fip
If you cannot provide an external network, you can also leave os_external_network
blank. If you do not provide a value for os_external_network
, a router is not created for you, and, without additional action, the installer will fail to retrieve an image from Glance. Later in the installation process, when you create network resources, you must configure external connectivity on your own.
If you run the installer
with the wait-for
command
from a system that cannot reach the cluster API due to a lack of floating IP addresses or name resolution, installation fails. To prevent installation failure in these cases, you can use a proxy network or run the installer from a system that is on the same network as your machines.
You can enable name resolution by creating DNS records for the API and ingress ports. For example:
If you do not control the DNS server, you can add the record to your |
The OKD installation program relies on a file that is called clouds.yaml
. The file describes OpenStack configuration parameters, including the project name, log in information, and authorization service URLs.
Create the clouds.yaml
file:
If your OpenStack distribution includes the Horizon web UI, generate a clouds.yaml
file in it.
Remember to add a password to the |
If your OpenStack distribution does not include the Horizon web UI, or you do not want to use Horizon, create the file yourself. For detailed information about clouds.yaml
, see Config files in the OpenStack documentation.
clouds:
shiftstack:
auth:
auth_url: http://10.10.14.42:5000/v3
project_name: shiftstack
username: <username>
password: <password>
user_domain_name: Default
project_domain_name: Default
dev-env:
region_name: RegionOne
auth:
username: <username>
password: <password>
project_name: 'devonly'
auth_url: 'https://10.10.14.22:5001/v2.0'
If your OpenStack installation uses self-signed certificate authority (CA) certificates for endpoint authentication:
Copy the certificate authority file to your machine.
Add the cacerts
key to the clouds.yaml
file. The value must be an absolute, non-root-accessible path to the CA certificate:
clouds:
shiftstack:
...
cacert: "/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt.pem"
After you run the installer with a custom CA certificate, you can update the certificate by editing the value of the
|
Place the clouds.yaml
file in one of the following locations:
The value of the OS_CLIENT_CONFIG_FILE
environment variable
The current directory
A Unix-specific user configuration directory, for example ~/.config/openstack/clouds.yaml
A Unix-specific site configuration directory, for example /etc/openstack/clouds.yaml
The installation program searches for clouds.yaml
in that order.
You can customize the OKD cluster you install on OpenStack.
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Create the install-config.yaml
file.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> (1)
1 | For <installation_directory> , specify the directory name to store the
files that the installation program creates. |
When specifying the directory:
Verify that the directory has the execute
permission. This permission is required to run Terraform binaries under the installation directory.
Use an empty directory. Some installation assets, such as bootstrap X.509 certificates, have short expiration intervals, therefore you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
Select openstack as the platform to target.
Specify the OpenStack external network name to use for installing the cluster.
Specify the floating IP address to use for external access to the OpenShift API.
Specify a OpenStack flavor with at least 16 GB RAM to use for control plane nodes and 8 GB RAM for compute nodes.
Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. All DNS records will be sub-domains of this base and will also include the cluster name.
Enter a name for your cluster. The name must be 14 or fewer characters long.
Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This field is optional.
Modify the install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about
the available parameters in the "Installation configuration parameters" section.
Back up the install-config.yaml
file so that you can use
it to install multiple clusters.
The |
You now have the file install-config.yaml
in the directory that you specified.
Before you deploy an OKD cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the |
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the |
String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OKD cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource |
Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: |
Object |
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Globalnet is not supported with Red Hat OpenShift Data Foundation disaster recovery solutions. For regional disaster recovery scenarios, ensure that you use a nonoverlapping range of private IP addresses for the cluster and service networks in each cluster. |
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
The configuration for the cluster network. |
Object
|
||
|
The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider to install. |
Either |
||
|
The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example:
|
||
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation.
The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
||
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if |
A subnet prefix. The default value is |
||
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. |
An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example:
|
||
|
The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example:
|
||
|
Required if you use |
An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example,
|
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. |
String |
||
|
Controls the installation of optional core cluster components. You can reduce the footprint of your OKD cluster by disabling optional components. |
String array |
||
|
Selects an initial set of optional capabilities to enable. Valid values are |
String |
||
|
Extends the set of optional capabilities beyond what you specify in |
String array |
||
|
Enables Linux control groups version 2 (cgroups v2) on specific nodes in your cluster. The OKD process for enabling cgroups v2 disables all cgroup version 1 controllers and hierarchies. The OKD cgroups version 2 feature is in Developer Preview and is not supported by Red Hat at this time. |
|
||
|
The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
||
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |
||
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
|
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
||
|
The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
||
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, clusters with varied architectures are not supported. All pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |