$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' \
-f <path>/<file_name> (1)
In OKD version 4.6, you can install a cluster with a
customized network configuration on infrastructure that the installation program
provisions on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). By customizing your network
configuration, your cluster can coexist with existing IP address allocations in
your environment and integrate with existing MTU and VXLAN configurations. To
customize the installation, you modify parameters in the install-config.yaml
file before you install the cluster.
You must set most of the network configuration parameters during installation,
and you can modify only kubeProxy
configuration parameters in a running
cluster.
Review details about the OKD installation and update processes.
Configure a GCP account to host the cluster.
If you use a firewall, you must configure it to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If you do not allow the system to manage identity and access management (IAM), then a cluster administrator can manually create and maintain IAM credentials. Manual mode can also be used in environments where the cloud IAM APIs are not reachable.
If you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery on your cluster, you must provide an SSH key to both your ssh-agent
and the installation program. You can use this key to access the bootstrap machine in a public cluster to troubleshoot installation issues.
In a production environment, you require disaster recovery and debugging. |
You can use this key to SSH into the master nodes as the user core
. When you
deploy the cluster, the key is added to the core
user’s
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
list.
You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs. |
On clusters running Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the SSH keys specified in the Ignition config files are written to the |
If you do not have an SSH key that is configured for password-less authentication on your computer, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' \
-f <path>/<file_name> (1)
1 | Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa , of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your ~/.ssh directory. |
Running this command generates an SSH key that does not require a password in the location that you specified.
If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the |
Start the ssh-agent
process as a background task:
$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
Agent pid 31874
If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA. |
Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent
:
$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)
Identity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
1 | Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_rsa |
Set the GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS
environment variable to the full path to your service account private key file.
$ export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="<your_service_account_file>"
Verify that the credentials were applied.
$ gcloud auth list
When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
Before you install OKD, download the installation file on a local computer.
You have a computer that runs Linux or macOS, with 500 MB of local disk space
Download installer from https://github.com/openshift/okd/releases
The installation program creates several files on the computer that you use to install your cluster. You must keep the installation program and the files that the installation program creates after you finish installing the cluster. Both files are required to delete the cluster. |
Deleting the files created by the installation program does not remove your cluster, even if the cluster failed during installation. To remove your cluster, complete the OKD uninstallation procedures for your specific cloud provider. |
Extract the installation program. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ tar xvf openshift-install-linux.tar.gz
Download your installation pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This pull secret allows you to authenticate with the services that are provided by the included authorities, including Quay.io, which serves the container images for OKD components.
Using a pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager is not required. You can use a pull secret for another private registry. Or, if you do not need the cluster to pull images from a private registry, you can use {"auths":{"fake":{"auth":"aWQ6cGFzcwo="}}}
as the pull secret when prompted during the installation.
If you do not use the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager:
Red Hat Operators are not available.
The Telemetry and Insights operators do not send data to Red Hat.
Content from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry, such as image streams and Operators, are not available.
You can customize the OKD cluster you install on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Create the install-config.yaml
file.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> (1)
1 | For <installation_directory> , specify the directory name to store the
files that the installation program creates. |
Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version. |
At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your |
Select gcp as the platform to target.
If you have not configured the service account key for your GCP account on your computer, you must obtain it from GCP and paste the contents of the file or enter the absolute path to the file.
Select the project ID to provision the cluster in. The default value is specified by the service account that you configured.
Select the region to deploy the cluster to.
Select the base domain to deploy the cluster to. The base domain corresponds to the public DNS zone that you created for your cluster.
Enter a descriptive name for your cluster.
Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This field is optional.
Modify the install-config.yaml
file. You can find more information about
the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section.
Back up the install-config.yaml
file so that you can use
it to install multiple clusters.
The |
Before you deploy an OKD cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml
installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml
file to provide more details about the platform.
After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the |
The |
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values |
---|---|---|
|
The API version for the |
String |
|
The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OKD cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
|
Kubernetes resource |
Object |
|
The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters, hyphens ( |
|
The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: |
Object |
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
The configuration for the cluster network. |
Object
|
||
|
The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plug-in to install. |
Either |
||
|
The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example:
|
||
|
Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation.
The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
||
|
The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if |
A subnet prefix. The default value is |
||
|
The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. |
An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example:
|
||
|
The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example:
|
||
|
Required if you use |
An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example,
|
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. |
String |
||
|
The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of machine-pool objects. For details, see the following "Machine-pool" table. |
||
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |
||
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
|
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
||
|
The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
||
|
Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |
||
|
Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
|
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
Required if you use |
|
||
|
The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
||
|
The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.
|
|
||
|
Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
||
|
Required if you use |
String |
||
|
Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. |
Array of strings |
||
|
How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
|
||
|
The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.
|
One or more keys. For example:
|
Additional GCP configuration parameters are described in the following table:
Parameter | Description | Values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
The name of the existing VPC that you want to deploy your cluster to. |
String. |
||
|
The name of the GCP region that hosts your cluster. |
Any valid region name, such as |
||
|
The GCP machine type. |
The GCP machine type. |
||
|
The availability zones where the installation program creates machines for the specified MachinePool. |
A list of valid GCP availability zones, such as |
||
|
The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your control plane machines to. |
The subnet name. |
||
|
The name of the existing subnet in your VPC that you want to deploy your compute machines to. |
The subnet name. |
||
|
A list of license URLs that must be applied to the compute images.
|
Any license available with the license API, such as the license to enable nested virtualization. You cannot use this parameter with a mechanism that generates pre-built images. Using a license URL forces the installer to copy the source image before use. |
||
|
The size of the disk in gigabytes (GB). |
Any size between 16 GB and 65536 GB. |
||
|
The type of disk. |
Either the default |
You can customize the install-config.yaml
file to specify more details about your OKD cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
This sample YAML file is provided for reference only. You must obtain your |
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com (1)
controlPlane: (2) (3)
hyperthreading: Enabled (4)
name: master
platform:
gcp:
type: n2-standard-4
zones:
- us-central1-a
- us-central1-c
osDisk:
diskType: pd-ssd
diskSizeGB: 1024
replicas: 3
compute: (2) (3)
- hyperthreading: Enabled (4)
name: worker
platform:
gcp:
type: n2-standard-4
zones:
- us-central1-a
- us-central1-c
osDisk:
diskType: pd-standard
diskSizeGB: 128
replicas: 3
metadata:
name: test-cluster (1)
networking: (2)
clusterNetwork:
- cidr: 10.128.0.0/14
hostPrefix: 23
machineNetwork:
- cidr: 10.0.0.0/16
networkType: OVNKubernetes
serviceNetwork:
- 172.30.0.0/16
platform:
gcp:
projectID: openshift-production (1)
region: us-central1 (1)
pullSecret: '{"auths": ...}' (1)
sshKey: ssh-ed25519 AAAA... (5)
1 | Required. The installation program prompts you for this value. | ||
2 | If you do not provide these parameters and values, the installation program provides the default value. | ||
3 | The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, - , and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. |
||
4 | Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or hyperthreading . By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by setting the parameter value to Disabled . If you disable simultaneous multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster machines.
|
||
5 | You can optionally provide the sshKey value that you use to access the machines in your cluster.
|
Production environments can deny direct access to the Internet and instead have
an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD
cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the
install-config.yaml
file.
You have an existing install-config.yaml
file.
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the Proxy
object’s spec.noProxy
field to bypass the proxy if necessary.
The For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the |
Edit your install-config.yaml
file and add the proxy settings. For example:
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: my.domain.com
proxy:
httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1)
httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2)
noProxy: example.com (3)
additionalTrustBundle: | (4)
-----BEGIN certificate-----
<MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT>
-----END certificate-----
...
1 | A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The
URL scheme must be http . |
2 | A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. |
3 | A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or
other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com , but not y.com . Use * to bypass the proxy for all destinations. |
4 | If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundle in
the openshift-config namespace to hold the additional CA
certificates. If you provide additionalTrustBundle and at least one proxy setting, the Proxy object is configured to reference the user-ca-bundle config map in the trustedCA field. The Cluster Network
Operator then creates a trusted-ca-bundle config map that merges the contents specified for the trustedCA parameter
with the FCOS trust bundle. The additionalTrustBundle field is required unless
the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust
bundle. |
The installation program does not support the proxy |
Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster
that uses the proxy
settings in the provided install-config.yaml
file. If no proxy settings are
provided, a cluster
Proxy
object is still created, but it will have a nil
spec
.
Only the |
When specifying a cluster configuration prior to installation, there are several phases in the installation procedures when you can modify the network configuration:
After entering the openshift-install create install-config
command. In the install-config.yaml
file, you can customize the following network-related fields:
networking.networkType
networking.clusterNetwork
networking.serviceNetwork
networking.machineNetwork
For more information on these fields, refer to "Installation configuration parameters".
Set the |
After entering the openshift-install create manifests
command. If you must specify advanced network configuration, during this phase you can define a customized Cluster Network Operator manifest with only the fields you want to modify.
You cannot override the values specified in phase 1 in the install-config.yaml
file during phase 2. However, you can further customize the cluster network provider during phase 2.
You can use advanced configuration customization to integrate your cluster into your existing network environment by specifying additional configuration for your cluster network provider. You can specify advanced network configuration only before you install the cluster.
Modifying the OKD manifest files created by the installation program is not supported. Applying a manifest file that you create, as in the following procedure, is supported. |
Create the install-config.yaml
file and complete any modifications to it.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and create the manifests:
$ ./openshift-install create manifests --dir <installation_directory>
where:
<installation_directory>
Specifies the name of the directory that contains the install-config.yaml
file for your cluster.
Create a stub manifest file for the advanced network configuration that is named cluster-network-03-config.yml
in the <installation_directory>/manifests/
directory:
$ cat <<EOF > <installation_directory>/manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
name: cluster
spec:
EOF
where:
<installation_directory>
Specifies the directory name that contains the
manifests/
directory for your cluster.
Open the cluster-network-03-config.yml
file in an editor and specify the advanced network configuration for your cluster, such as in the following example:
apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
name: cluster
spec:
defaultNetwork:
openshiftSDNConfig:
vxlanPort: 4800
Save the cluster-network-03-config.yml
file and quit the text editor.
Optional: Back up the manifests/cluster-network-03-config.yml
file. The
installation program deletes the manifests/
directory when creating the
cluster.
The configuration for the cluster network is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration and stored in a custom resource (CR) object that is named cluster
. The CR specifies the fields for the Network
API in the operator.openshift.io
API group.
The CNO configuration inherits the following fields during cluster installation from the Network
API in the Network.config.openshift.io
API group and these fields cannot be changed:
clusterNetwork
IP address pools from which pod IP addresses are allocated.
serviceNetwork
IP address pool for services.
defaultNetwork.type
Cluster network provider, such as OpenShift SDN or OVN-Kubernetes.
You can specify the cluster network provider configuration for your cluster by setting the fields for the defaultNetwork
object in the CNO object named cluster
.
The fields for the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) are described in the following table:
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The name of the CNO object. This name is always |
|
|
A list specifying the blocks of IP addresses from which pod IP addresses are allocated and the subnet prefix length assigned to each individual node in the cluster. For example:
This value is ready-only and specified in the |
|
|
A block of IP addresses for services. The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. For example:
This value is ready-only and specified in the |
|
|
Configures the Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider for the cluster network. |
|
|
The fields for this object specify the kube-proxy configuration. If you are using the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider, the kube-proxy configuration has no effect. |
The values for the defaultNetwork
object are defined in the following table:
Field | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Either
|
||
|
|
This object is only valid for the OpenShift SDN cluster network provider. |
||
|
|
This object is only valid for the OVN-Kubernetes cluster network provider. |
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OpenShift SDN Container Network Interface (CNI) cluster network provider.
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
Configures the network isolation mode for OpenShift SDN. The default value is The values |
|
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the VXLAN overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expected it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes. If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. |
|
|
The port to use for all VXLAN packets. The default value is If you are running in a virtualized environment with existing nodes that are part of another VXLAN network, then you might be required to change this. For example, when running an OpenShift SDN overlay on top of VMware NSX-T, you must select an alternate port for the VXLAN, because both SDNs use the same default VXLAN port number. On Amazon Web Services (AWS), you can select an alternate port for the VXLAN between port |
defaultNetwork:
type: OpenShiftSDN
openshiftSDNConfig:
mode: NetworkPolicy
mtu: 1450
vxlanPort: 4789
The following table describes the configuration fields for the OVN-Kubernetes CNI cluster network provider.
Field | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
|
The maximum transmission unit (MTU) for the Geneve (Generic Network Virtualization Encapsulation) overlay network. This is detected automatically based on the MTU of the primary network interface. You do not normally need to override the detected MTU. If the auto-detected value is not what you expected it to be, confirm that the MTU on the primary network interface on your nodes is correct. You cannot use this option to change the MTU value of the primary network interface on the nodes. If your cluster requires different MTU values for different nodes, you must set this value to This value cannot be changed after cluster installation. |
|
|
The port to use for all Geneve packets. The default value is |
defaultNetwork:
type: OVNKubernetes
ovnKubernetesConfig:
mtu: 1400
genevePort: 6081
The values for the kubeProxyConfig
object are defined in the following table:
Field | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
The refresh period for
|
||
|
|
The minimum duration before refreshing
|
You can install OKD on a compatible cloud platform.
You can run the |
Configure an account with the cloud platform that hosts your cluster.
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ (1)
--log-level=info (2)
1 | For <installation_directory> , specify the |
2 | To view different installation details, specify warn , debug , or
error instead of info . |
If the cloud provider account that you configured on your host does not have sufficient permissions to deploy the cluster, the installation process stops, and the missing permissions are displayed. |
When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster,
including a link to its web console and credentials for the kubeadmin
user,
display in your terminal.
...
INFO Install complete!
INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig'
INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com
INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL"
INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
The cluster access and credential information also outputs to |
|
You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster. |
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) in order to interact with OKD from a
command-line interface. You can install oc
on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
If you installed an earlier version of |
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
Download oc.tar.gz
.
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvzf <file>
Place the oc
binary in a directory that is on your PATH
.
To check your PATH
, execute the following command:
$ echo $PATH
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
$ oc <command>
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
Download oc.zip
.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc
binary to a directory that is on your PATH
.
To check your PATH
, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
C:\> path
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
C:\> oc <command>
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc
) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
Download oc.tar.gz
.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc
binary to a directory on your PATH.
To check your PATH
, open a terminal and execute the following command:
$ echo $PATH
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc
command:
$ oc <command>
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig
file.
The kubeconfig
file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server.
The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OKD installation.
You deployed an OKD cluster.
You installed the oc
CLI.
Export the kubeadmin
credentials:
$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)
1 | For <installation_directory> , specify the path to the directory that you stored
the installation files in. |
Verify you can run oc
commands successfully using the exported configuration:
$ oc whoami
system:admin
See Accessing the web console for more details about accessing and understanding the OKD web console.
See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.