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Understanding the Ingress Node Firewall Operator - Network security | Networking | OpenShift Container Platform 4.17
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Ingress Node Firewall Operator in OpenShift Container Platform

Ingress Node Firewall Operator

The Ingress Node Firewall Operator provides ingress firewall rules at a node level by deploying the daemon set to nodes you specify and manage in the firewall configurations. To deploy the daemon set, you create an IngressNodeFirewallConfig custom resource (CR). The Operator applies the IngressNodeFirewallConfig CR to create ingress node firewall daemon set daemon, which run on all nodes that match the nodeSelector.

You configure rules of the IngressNodeFirewall CR and apply them to clusters using the nodeSelector and setting values to "true".

The Ingress Node Firewall Operator supports only stateless firewall rules.

Network interface controllers (NICs) that do not support native XDP drivers will run at a lower performance.

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 or later, you must run Ingress Node Firewall Operator on RHEL 9.0 or later.

Installing the Ingress Node Firewall Operator

As a cluster administrator, you can install the Ingress Node Firewall Operator by using the OpenShift Container Platform cli or the web console.

Installing the Ingress Node Firewall Operator using the cli

As a cluster administrator, you can install the Operator using the cli.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).

  • You have an account with administrator privileges.

Procedure

  1. To create the openshift-ingress-node-firewall namespace, enter the following command:

    $ cat << EOF| oc create -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: v1.24
  name: openshift-ingress-node-firewall
EOF

  2. To create an OperatorGroup CR, enter the following command:

    $ cat << EOF| oc create -f -
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1
kind: OperatorGroup
metadata:
  name: ingress-node-firewall-operators
  namespace: openshift-ingress-node-firewall
EOF

  3. Subscribe to the Ingress Node Firewall Operator.

    1. To create a Subscription CR for the Ingress Node Firewall Operator, enter the following command:

      $ cat << EOF| oc create -f -
apiVersion: operators.coreos.com/v1alpha1
kind: Subscription
metadata:
  name: ingress-node-firewall-sub
  namespace: openshift-ingress-node-firewall
spec:
  name: ingress-node-firewall
  channel: stable
  source: redhat-operators
  sourceNamespace: openshift-marketplace
EOF

  4. To verify that the Operator is installed, enter the following command:

    $ oc get ip -n openshift-ingress-node-firewall
    Example output
    NAME            CSV                                         APPROVAL    APPROVED
install-5cvnz   ingress-node-firewall.4.17.0-202211122336   Automatic   true

  5. To verify the version of the Operator, enter the following command:

    $ oc get csv -n openshift-ingress-node-firewall
    Example output
    NAME                                        DISPLAY                          VERSION               REPLACES                                    PHASE
ingress-node-firewall.4.17.0-202211122336   Ingress Node Firewall Operator   4.17.0-202211122336   ingress-node-firewall.4.17.0-202211102047   Succeeded

Installing the Ingress Node Firewall Operator using the web console

As a cluster administrator, you can install the Operator using the web console.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).

  • You have an account with administrator privileges.

Procedure

  1. Install the Ingress Node Firewall Operator:

    1. In the OpenShift Container Platform web console, click Operators → OperatorHub.

    2. Select Ingress Node Firewall Operator from the list of available Operators, and then click Install.

    3. On the Install Operator page, under Installed Namespace, select Operator recommended Namespace.

    4. click Install.

  2. Verify that the Ingress Node Firewall Operator is installed successfully:

    1. Navigate to the Operators → Installed Operators page.

    2. Ensure that Ingress Node Firewall Operator is listed in the openshift-ingress-node-firewall project with a Status of InstallSucceeded.

      During installation an Operator might display a Failed status. If the installation later succeeds with an InstallSucceeded message, you can ignore the Failed message.

      If the Operator does not have a Status of InstallSucceeded, troubleshoot using the following steps:

      • Inspect the Operator Subscriptions and Install Plans tabs for any failures or errors under Status.

      • Navigate to the Workloads → Pods page and check the logs for pods in the openshift-ingress-node-firewall project.

      • Check the namespace of the YAML file. If the annotation is missing, you can add the annotation workload.openshift.io/allowed=management to the Operator namespace with the following command:

        $ oc annotate ns/openshift-ingress-node-firewall workload.openshift.io/allowed=management

        For single-node OpenShift clusters, the openshift-ingress-node-firewall namespace requires the workload.openshift.io/allowed=management annotation.

Deploying Ingress Node Firewall Operator

Prerequisite

  • The Ingress Node Firewall Operator is installed.

Procedure

To deploy the Ingress Node Firewall Operator, create a IngressNodeFirewallConfig custom resource that will deploy the Operator’s daemon set. You can deploy one or multiple IngressNodeFirewall CRDs to nodes by applying firewall rules.

  1. Create the IngressNodeFirewallConfig inside the openshift-ingress-node-firewall namespace named ingressnodefirewallconfig.

  2. Run the following command to deploy Ingress Node Firewall Operator rules:

    $ oc apply -f rule.yaml

Ingress Node Firewall configuration object

The fields for the Ingress Node Firewall configuration object are described in the following table:

Table 1. Ingress Node Firewall Configuration object
Field Type Description

metadata.name

string

The name of the CR object. The name of the firewall rules object must be ingressnodefirewallconfig.

metadata.namespace

string

Namespace for the Ingress Firewall Operator CR object. The IngressNodeFirewallConfig CR must be created inside the openshift-ingress-node-firewall namespace.

spec.nodeSelector

string

A node selection constraint used to target nodes through specified node labels. For example:

spec:
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

One label used in nodeSelector must match a label on the nodes in order for the daemon set to start. For example, if the node labels node-role.kubernetes.io/worker and node-type.kubernetes.io/vm are applied to a node, then at least one label must be set using nodeSelector for the daemon set to start.

spec.ebpfProgramManagerMode

boolean

Specifies if the Node Ingress Firewall Operator uses the eBPF Manager Operator or not to manage eBPF programs. This capability is a Technology Preview feature.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

The Operator consumes the CR and creates an ingress node firewall daemon set on all the nodes that match the nodeSelector.

Ingress Node Firewall Operator example configuration

A complete Ingress Node Firewall Configuration is specified in the following example:

Example Ingress Node Firewall Configuration object
apiVersion: ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressNodeFirewallConfig
metadata:
  name: ingressnodefirewallconfig
  namespace: openshift-ingress-node-firewall
spec:
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""

The Operator consumes the CR and creates an ingress node firewall daemon set on all the nodes that match the nodeSelector.

Ingress Node Firewall rules object

The fields for the Ingress Node Firewall rules object are described in the following table:

Table 2. Ingress Node Firewall rules object
Field Type Description

metadata.name

string

The name of the CR object.

interfaces

array

The fields for this object specify the interfaces to apply the firewall rules to. For example, - en0 and - en1.

nodeSelector

array

You can use nodeSelector to select the nodes to apply the firewall rules to. Set the value of your named nodeselector labels to true to apply the rule.

ingress

object

ingress allows you to configure the rules that allow outside access to the services on your cluster.
Ingress object configuration

The values for the ingress object are defined in the following table:

Table 3. ingress object
Field Type Description

sourceCIDRs

array

Allows you to set the CIDR block. You can configure multiple CIDRs from different address families.

Different CIDRs allow you to use the same order rule. In the case that there are multiple IngressNodeFirewall objects for the same nodes and interfaces with overlapping CIDRs, the order field will specify which rule is applied first. Rules are applied in ascending order.

rules

array

Ingress firewall rules.order objects are ordered starting at 1 for each source.CIDR with up to 100 rules per CIDR. Lower order rules are executed first.

rules.protocolConfig.protocol supports the following protocols: TCP, UDP, SCTP, ICMP and ICMPv6. ICMP and ICMPv6 rules can match against ICMP and ICMPv6 types or codes. TCP, UDP, and SCTP rules can match against a single destination port or a range of ports using <start : end-1> format.

Set rules.action to allow to apply the rule or deny to disallow the rule.

Ingress firewall rules are verified using a verification webhook that blocks any invalid configuration. The verification webhook prevents you from blocking any critical cluster services such as the API server.

Ingress Node Firewall rules object example

A complete Ingress Node Firewall configuration is specified in the following example:

Example Ingress Node Firewall configuration
apiVersion: ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressNodeFirewall
metadata:
  name: ingressnodefirewall
spec:
  interfaces:
  - eth0
  nodeSelector:
    matchLabels:
      <ingress_firewall_label_name>: <label_value> (1)
  ingress:
  - sourceCIDRs:
       - 172.16.0.0/12
    rules:
    - order: 10
      protocolConfig:
        protocol: ICMP
        icmp:
          icmpType: 8 #ICMP Echo request
      action: Deny
    - order: 20
      protocolConfig:
        protocol: TCP
        tcp:
          ports: "8000-9000"
      action: Deny
  - sourceCIDRs:
       - fc00:f853:ccd:e793::0/64
    rules:
    - order: 10
      protocolConfig:
        protocol: ICMPv6
        icmpv6:
          icmpType: 128 #ICMPV6 Echo request
      action: Deny
1 A <label_name> and a <label_value> must exist on the node and must match the nodeselector label and value applied to the nodes you want the ingressfirewallconfig CR to run on. The <label_value> can be true or false. By using nodeSelector labels, you can target separate groups of nodes to apply different rules to using the ingressfirewallconfig CR.

Zero trust Ingress Node Firewall rules object example

Zero trust Ingress Node Firewall rules can provide additional security to multi-interface clusters. For example, you can use zero trust Ingress Node Firewall rules to drop all traffic on a specific interface except for SSH.

A complete configuration of a zero trust Ingress Node Firewall rule set is specified in the following example:

Users need to add all ports their application will use to their allowlist in the following case to ensure proper functionality.
Example zero trust Ingress Node Firewall rules
apiVersion: ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressNodeFirewall
metadata:
 name: ingressnodefirewall-zero-trust
spec:
 interfaces:
 - eth1 (1)
 nodeSelector:
   matchLabels:
     <ingress_firewall_label_name>: <label_value> (2)
 ingress:
 - sourceCIDRs:
      - 0.0.0.0/0 (3)
   rules:
   - order: 10
     protocolConfig:
       protocol: TCP
       tcp:
         ports: 22
     action: Allow
   - order: 20
     action: Deny (4)
1 Network-interface cluster
2 The <label_name> and <label_value> needs to match the nodeSelector label and value applied to the specific nodes with which you wish to apply the ingressfirewallconfig CR.
3 0.0.0.0/0 set to match any CIDR
4 action set to Deny

eBPF Manager Operator integration is a Technology Preview feature only. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service level agreements (SLAs) and might not be functionally complete. Red Hat does not recommend using them in production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

For more information about the support scope of Red Hat Technology Preview features, see Technology Preview Features Support Scope.

Ingress Node Firewall Operator integration

The Ingress Node Firewall uses eBPF programs to implement some of its key firewall functionality. By default these eBPF programs are loaded into the kernel using a mechanism specific to the Ingress Node Firewall. You can configure the Ingress Node Firewall Operator to use the eBPF Manager Operator for loading and managing these programs instead.

When this integration is enabled, the following limitations apply:

  • The Ingress Node Firewall Operator uses TCX if XDP is not available and TCX is incompatible with bpfman.

  • The Ingress Node Firewall Operator daemon set pods remain in the ContainerCreating state until the firewall rules are applied.

  • The Ingress Node Firewall Operator daemon set pods run as privileged.

Configuring Ingress Node Firewall Operator to use the eBPF Manager Operator

The Ingress Node Firewall uses eBPF programs to implement some of its key firewall functionality. By default these eBPF programs are loaded into the kernel using a mechanism specific to the Ingress Node Firewall.

As a cluster administrator, you can configure the Ingress Node Firewall Operator to use the eBPF Manager Operator for loading and managing these programs instead, adding additional security and observability functionality.

Prerequisites

  • You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).

  • You have an account with administrator privileges.

  • You installed the Ingress Node Firewall Operator.

  • You have installed the eBPF Manager Operator.

Procedure

  1. Apply the following labels to the ingress-node-firewall-system namespace:

    $ oc label namespace openshift-ingress-node-firewall \
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=privileged \
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=privileged --overwrite

  2. Edit the IngressNodeFirewallConfig object named ingressnodefirewallconfig and set the ebpfProgramManagerMode field:

    Ingress Node Firewall Operator configuration object
    apiVersion: ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: IngressNodeFirewallConfig
metadata:
  name: ingressnodefirewallconfig
  namespace: openshift-ingress-node-firewall
spec:
  nodeSelector:
    node-role.kubernetes.io/worker: ""
  ebpfProgramManagerMode: <ebpf_mode>

    where:

    <ebpf_mode>: Specifies whether or not the Ingress Node Firewall Operator uses the eBPF Manager Operator to manage eBPF programs. Must be either true or false. If unset, eBPF Manager is not used.

Viewing Ingress Node Firewall Operator rules

Procedure

  1. Run the following command to view all current rules :

    $ oc get ingressnodefirewall

  2. Choose one of the returned <resource> names and run the following command to view the rules or configs:

    $ oc get <resource> <name> -o yaml

Troubleshooting the Ingress Node Firewall Operator

  • Run the following command to list installed Ingress Node Firewall custom resource definitions (CRD):

    $ oc get crds | grep ingressnodefirewall
    Example output
    NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
ingressnodefirewallconfigs.ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io       2022-08-25T10:03:01Z
ingressnodefirewallnodestates.ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io    2022-08-25T10:03:00Z
ingressnodefirewalls.ingressnodefirewall.openshift.io             2022-08-25T10:03:00Z

  • Run the following command to view the state of the Ingress Node Firewall Operator:

    $ oc get pods -n openshift-ingress-node-firewall
    Example output
    NAME                                       READY  STATUS         RESTARTS  AGE
ingress-node-firewall-controller-manager   2/2    Running        0         5d21h
ingress-node-firewall-daemon-pqx56         3/3    Running        0         5d21h

    The following fields provide information about the status of the Operator: READY, STATUS, AGE, and RESTARTS. The STATUS field is Running when the Ingress Node Firewall Operator is deploying a daemon set to the assigned nodes.

  • Run the following command to collect all ingress firewall node pods' logs:

    $ oc adm must-gather – gather_ingress_node_firewall

    The logs are available in the sos node’s report containing eBPF bpftool outputs at /sos_commands/ebpf. These reports include lookup tables used or updated as the ingress firewall XDP handles packet processing, updates statistics, and emits events.

Additional resources