Performing an image-based upgrade for single-node OpenShift clusters using GitOps ZTP - Image-based upgrade for single-node OpenShift clusters | Edge computing

Moving to the Prep stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP
Moving to the Upgrade stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP
Moving to the Rollback stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP
Troubleshooting image-based upgrades with Lifecycle Agent

You can upgrade your managed single-node OpenShift cluster with the image-based upgrade through GitOps Zero Touch Provisioning (ZTP).

When you deploy the Lifecycle Agent on a cluster, an ImageBasedUpgrade CR is automatically created. You update this CR to specify the image repository of the seed image and to move through the different stages.

Moving to the Prep stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP

ImageBasedUpgrade CR in the ztp-site-generate container

apiVersion: lca.openshift.io/v1
kind: ImageBasedUpgrade
metadata:
  name: upgrade
spec:
  stage: Idle

Prerequisites

Create policies and configmap objects for resources used in the image-based upgrade. For more information, see "Creating configmap objects for the image-based upgrade with GitOps ZTP.

Procedure

Add policies for the Prep, Upgrade, and Idle stages to your existing group PolicyGenTemplate called ibu-upgrade-ranGen.yaml:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1
kind: PolicyGenTemplate
metadata:
  name: example-group-ibu
  namespace: "ztp-group"
spec:
  bindingRules:
    group-du-sno: ""
  mcp: "master"
  evaluationInterval: (1)
    compliant: 10s
    noncompliant: 10s
  sourceFiles:
    - fileName: configmapGeneric.yaml
      complianceType: mustonlyhave
      policyName: "oadp-cm-policy"
      metadata:
        name: oadp-cm
        namespace: openshift-adp
    - fileName: ibu/ImageBasedUpgrade.yaml
      policyName: "prep-stage-policy"
      spec:
        stage: Prep
        seedImageRef: (2)
          version: "4.15.0"
          image: "quay.io/user/lca-seed:4.15.0"
          pullSecretRef:
            name: "<seed_pull_secret>"
        oadpContent: (3)
        - name: "oadp-cm"
          namespace: "openshift-adp"
      status:
        conditions:
          - reason: Completed
            status: "True"
            type: PrepCompleted
            message: "Prep stage completed successfully"
    - fileName: ibu/ImageBasedUpgrade.yaml
      policyName: "upgrade-stage-policy"
      spec:
        stage: Upgrade
      status:
        conditions:
          - reason: Completed
            status: "True"
            type: UpgradeCompleted
    - fileName: ibu/ImageBasedUpgrade.yaml
      policyName: "finalize-stage-policy"
      complianceType: mustonlyhave
      spec:
        stage: Idle
    - fileName: ibu/ImageBasedUpgrade.yaml
      policyName: "finalize-stage-policy"
      status:
        conditions:
          - reason: Idle
            status: "True"
            type: Idle

1	The policy evaluation interval for compliant and non-compliant policies. Set them to `10s` to ensure that the policies status accurately reflects the current upgrade status.
2	Define the seed image, OpenShift Container Platform version, and pull secret for the upgrade in the Prep stage.
3	Define the OADP `configmap` resources required for backup and restore.

Verify that the policies required for an image-based upgrade are created by running the following command:

$ oc get policies -n spoke1 | grep -E "example-group-ibu"

Example output

ztp-group.example-group-ibu-oadp-cm-policy             inform               NonCompliant          31h
ztp-group.example-group-ibu-prep-stage-policy          inform               NonCompliant          31h
ztp-group.example-group-ibu-upgrade-stage-policy       inform               NonCompliant          31h
ztp-group.example-group-ibu-finalize-stage-policy      inform               NonCompliant          31h
ztp-group.example-group-ibu-rollback-stage-policy      inform               NonCompliant          31h

Update the du-profile cluster label to the target platform version or the corresponding policy-binding label in the SiteConfig CR.
apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1 kind: SiteConfig [...] spec: [...] clusterLabels: du-profile: "4.15.0"
Updating the labels to the target platform version unbinds the existing set of policies.
Commit and push the updated SiteConfig CR to the Git repository.

When you are ready to move to the Prep stage, create the ClusterGroupUpgrade CR on the target hub cluster with the Prep and OADP configmap policies:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterGroupUpgrade
metadata:
  name: cgu-ibu-prep
  namespace: default
spec:
  clusters:
  - spoke1
  enable: true
  managedPolicies:
  - example-group-ibu-oadp-cm-policy
  - example-group-ibu-prep-stage-policy
  remediationStrategy:
    canaries:
      - spoke1
    maxConcurrency: 1
    timeout: 240

Apply the Prep policy by running the following command:
$ oc apply -f cgu-ibu-prep.yml
If you provide configmap objects for OADP resources and extra manifests, Lifecycle Agent validates the specified configmap objects during the Prep stage. You might encounter the following issues:
- Validation warnings or errors if the Lifecycle Agent detects any issues with extraManifests
- Validation errors if the Lifecycle Agent detects any issues with oadpContent
Validation warnings do not block the Upgrade stage but you must decide if it is safe to proceed with the upgrade. These warnings, for example missing CRDs, namespaces or dry run failures, update the status.conditions in the Prep stage and annotation fields in the ImageBasedUpgrade CR with details about the warning.
Example validation warning
[...] metadata: annotations: extra-manifest.lca.openshift.io/validation-warning: '...' [...]
However, validation errors, such as adding MachineConfig or Operator manifests to extra manifests, cause the Prep stage to fail and block the Upgrade stage.

When the validations pass, the cluster creates a new ostree stateroot, which involves pulling and unpacking the seed image, and running host level commands. Finally, all the required images are precached on the target cluster.

Monitor the status and wait for the cgu-ibu-prep ClusterGroupUpgrade to report Completed by running the following command:

$ oc get cgu -n default

Example output

NAME                    AGE   STATE       DETAILS
cgu-ibu-prep            31h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies

Additional resources

Moving to the Upgrade stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP

After you completed the Prep stage, you can upgrade the target cluster. During the upgrade process, the OADP Operator creates a backup of the artifacts specified in the OADP CRs, then the Lifecycle Agent upgrades the cluster.

If the upgrade fails or stops, an automatic rollback is initiated. If you have an issue after the upgrade, you can initiate a manual rollback. For more information about manual rollback, see "(Optional) Initiating a rollback with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP".

Prerequisites

Complete the Prep stage.

Procedure

When you are ready to move to the Upgrade stage, create the ClusterGroupUpgrade CR on the target hub cluster that references the Upgrade policy:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterGroupUpgrade
metadata:
  name: cgu-ibu-upgrade
  namespace: default
spec:
  actions:
    beforeEnable:
      addClusterAnnotations:
        import.open-cluster-management.io/disable-auto-import: "true" (1)
    afterCompletion:
      removeClusterAnnotations:
      - import.open-cluster-management.io/disable-auto-import (2)
  clusters:
  - spoke1
  enable: true
  managedPolicies:
  - example-group-ibu-upgrade-stage-policy
  remediationStrategy:
    canaries:
      - spoke1
    maxConcurrency: 1
    timeout: 240

1	Applies the `disable-auto-import` annotation to the managed cluster before starting the upgrade. This annotation ensures the automatic importing of managed cluster is disabled during the upgrade stage until the cluster is ready.
2	Removes the `disable-auto-import` annotation after the upgrade is complete.

Apply the Upgrade policy by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f cgu-ibu-upgrade.yml
```

Monitor the status by running the following command and wait for the cgu-ibu-upgrade ClusterGroupUpgrade to report Completed:

$ oc get cgu -n default

Example output

NAME                              AGE   STATE       DETAILS
cgu-ibu-prep                      31h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies
cgu-ibu-upgrade                   31h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies

When you are satisfied with the changes and ready to finalize the upgrade, create a ClusterGroupUpgrade CR on target hub cluster that references the policy that finalizes the upgrade:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterGroupUpgrade
metadata:
  name: cgu-ibu-finalize
  namespace: default
spec:
  actions:
    beforeEnable:
      removeClusterAnnotations:
      - import.open-cluster-management.io/disable-auto-import
  clusters:
  - spoke1
  enable: true
  managedPolicies:
  - example-group-ibu-finalize-stage-policy
  remediationStrategy:
    canaries:
      - spoke1
    maxConcurrency: 1
    timeout: 240

Ensure that no other ClusterGroupUpgrade CRs are in progress because this causes TALM to continuously reconcile them. Delete all "In-Progress" ClusterGroupUpgrade CRs before applying the cgu-ibu-finalize.yaml.

Apply the policy by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f cgu-ibu-finalize.yaml
```

Monitor the status and wait for the cgu-ibu-finalize ClusterGroupUpgrade to report Completed by running the following command:

$ oc get cgu -n default

Example output

NAME                    AGE   STATE       DETAILS
cgu-ibu-finalize        30h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies
cgu-ibu-prep            31h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies
cgu-ibu-upgrade         31h   Completed   All clusters are compliant with all the managed policies

You can remove the OADP Operator and its configuration files after a successful upgrade.
1. Change the complianceType to mustnothave for the OADP Operator namespace, Operator group, and subscription in the common-ranGen.yaml file.
  [...] - fileName: OadpSubscriptionNS.yaml policyName: "subscriptions-policy" complianceType: mustnothave - fileName: OadpSubscriptionOperGroup.yaml policyName: "subscriptions-policy" complianceType: mustnothave - fileName: OadpSubscription.yaml policyName: "subscriptions-policy" complianceType: mustnothave - fileName: OadpOperatorStatus.yaml policyName: "subscriptions-policy" complianceType: mustnothave [...]
2. Change the complianceType to mustnothave for the OADP Operator namespace, Operator group, and subscription in the site PolicyGenTemplate file.
  - fileName: OadpSecret.yaml policyName: "config-policy" complianceType: mustnothave - fileName: OadpBackupStorageLocationStatus.yaml policyName: "config-policy" complianceType: mustnothave - fileName: DataProtectionApplication.yaml policyName: "config-policy" complianceType: mustnothave
3. Merge the changes with your custom site repository and wait for the ArgoCD application to synchronize the change to the hub cluster. The status of the common-subscriptions-policy and the example-cnf-config-policy policies change to Non-Compliant.
4. Apply the change to your target clusters by using the Topology Aware Lifecycle Manager. For more information about rolling out configuration changes, see "Update policies on managed clusters".
5. Monitor the process. When the status of the common-subscriptions-policy and the example-cnf-config-policy policies for a target cluster are Compliant, the OADP Operator has been removed from the cluster. Get the status of the policies by running the following commands:
  $ oc get policy -n ztp-common common-subscriptions-policy
  
  $ oc get policy -n ztp-site example-cnf-config-policy
6. Delete the OADP Operator namespace, Operator group and subscription, and configuration CRs from spec.sourceFiles in the common-ranGen.yaml and the site PolicyGenTemplate files.
7. Merge the changes with your custom site repository and wait for the ArgoCD application to synchronize the change to the hub cluster. The policy remains compliant.

Additional resources

Moving to the Rollback stage of the image-based upgrade with Lifecycle Agent and GitOps ZTP

If you encounter an issue after upgrade, you can start a manual rollback.

Prerequisites

Ensure that the control plane certificates on the original stateroot are valid. If the certificates expired, see "Recovering from expired control plane certificates".

Procedure

Revert the du-profile or the corresponding policy-binding label to the original platform version in the SiteConfig CR:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1
kind: SiteConfig
[...]
spec:
  [...]
    clusterLabels:
      du-profile: "4.14.x"

When you are ready to initiate the rollback, add the Rollback policy to your existing group PolicyGenTemplate CR:

[...]
- fileName: ibu/ImageBasedUpgrade.yaml
  policyName: "rollback-stage-policy"
  spec:
    stage: Rollback
  status:
    conditions:
      - message: Rollback completed
        reason: Completed
        status: "True"
        type: RollbackCompleted

Create a ClusterGroupUpgrade CR on target hub cluster that references the Rollback policy:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterGroupUpgrade
metadata:
  name: cgu-ibu-rollback
  namespace: default
spec:
  actions:
    beforeEnable:
      removeClusterAnnotations:
      - import.open-cluster-management.io/disable-auto-import
  clusters:
  - spoke1
  enable: true
  managedPolicies:
  - example-group-ibu-rollback-stage-policy
  remediationStrategy:
    canaries:
      - spoke1
    maxConcurrency: 1
    timeout: 240

Apply the Rollback policy by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f cgu-ibu-rollback.yml
```

When you are satisfied with the changes and you are ready to finalize the rollback, create a ClusterGroupUpgrade CR on target hub cluster that references the policy that finalizes the rollback:

apiVersion: ran.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterGroupUpgrade
metadata:
  name: cgu-ibu-finalize
  namespace: default
spec:
  actions:
    beforeEnable:
      removeClusterAnnotations:
      - import.open-cluster-management.io/disable-auto-import
  clusters:
  - spoke1
  enable: true
  managedPolicies:
  - example-group-ibu-finalize-stage-policy
  remediationStrategy:
    canaries:
      - spoke1
    maxConcurrency: 1
    timeout: 240

Apply the policy by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f cgu-ibu-finalize.yml
```

Additional resources

Recovering from expired control plane certificates

Troubleshooting image-based upgrades with Lifecycle Agent

You can encounter issues during the image-based upgrade.

Collecting logs

You can use the oc adm must-gather CLI to collect information for debugging and troubleshooting.

Procedure

Collect data about the Operators by running the following command:

$  oc adm must-gather \
  --dest-dir=must-gather/tmp \
  --image=$(oc -n openshift-lifecycle-agent get deployment.apps/lifecycle-agent-controller-manager -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.containers[?(@.name == "manager")].image}') \
  --image=quay.io/konveyor/oadp-must-gather:latest \(1)
  --image=quay.io/openshift/origin-must-gather:latest (2)

1	(Optional) You can add this options if you need to gather more information from the OADP Operator.
2	(Optional) You can add this options if you need to gather more information from the SR-IOV Operator.

AbortFailed or FinalizeFailed error

Issue

During the finalize stage or when you stop the process at the Prep stage, Lifecycle Agent cleans up the following resources:

Stateroot that is no longer required
Precaching resources
OADP CRs
ImageBasedUpgrade CR

If the Lifecycle Agent fails to perform the above steps, it transitions to the AbortFailed or FinalizeFailed states. The condition message and log show which steps failed.

Example error message

message: failed to delete all the backup CRs. Perform cleanup manually then add 'lca.openshift.io/manual-cleanup-done' annotation to ibu CR to transition back to Idle
      observedGeneration: 5
      reason: AbortFailed
      status: "False"
      type: Idle

Resolution

Inspect the logs to determine why the failure occurred.
To prompt Lifecycle Agent to retry the cleanup, add the lca.openshift.io/manual-cleanup-done annotation to the ImageBasedUpgrade CR.

After observing this annotation, Lifecycle Agent retries the cleanup and, if it is successful, the ImageBasedUpgrade stage transitions to Idle.

If the cleanup fails again, you can manually clean up the resources.

Cleaning up stateroot manually

Issue

Stopping at the Prep stage, Lifecycle Agent cleans up the new stateroot. When finalizing after a successful upgrade or a rollback, Lifecycle Agent cleans up the old stateroot. If this step fails, it is recommended that you inspect the logs to determine why the failure occurred.

Resolution

Check if there are any existing deployments in the stateroot by running the following command:
```
$ ostree admin status
```
If there are any, clean up the existing deployment by running the following command:
```
$ ostree admin undeploy <index_of_deployment>
```
After cleaning up all the deployments of the stateroot, wipe the stateroot directory by running the following commands:

Ensure that the booted deployment is not in this stateroot.
```
$ stateroot="<stateroot_to_delete>"
```
```
$ unshare -m /bin/sh -c "mount -o remount,rw /sysroot && rm -rf /sysroot/ostree/deploy/${stateroot}"
```

Cleaning up OADP resources manually

Issue: Automatic cleanup of OADP resources can fail due to connection issues between Lifecycle Agent and the S3 backend. By restoring the connection and adding the lca.openshift.io/manual-cleanup-done annotation, the Lifecycle Agent can successfully cleanup backup resources.
Resolution

Check the backend connectivity by running the following command:

$ oc get backupstoragelocations.velero.io -n openshift-adp

Example output

NAME                          PHASE       LAST VALIDATED   AGE   DEFAULT
dataprotectionapplication-1   Available   33s              8d    true

Remove all backup resources and then add the lca.openshift.io/manual-cleanup-done annotation to the ImageBasedUpgrade CR.

LVM Storage volume contents not restored

When LVM Storage is used to provide dynamic persistent volume storage, LVM Storage might not restore the persistent volume contents if it is configured incorrectly.

Missing LVM Storage-related fields in Backup CR

Issue

Your Backup CRs might be missing fields that are needed to restore your persistent volumes. You can check for events in your application pod to determine if you have this issue by running the following:

$ oc describe pod <your_app_name>

Example output showing missing LVM Storage-related fields in Backup CR

Events:
  Type     Reason            Age                From               Message
  ----     ------            ----               ----               -------
  Warning  FailedScheduling  58s (x2 over 66s)  default-scheduler  0/1 nodes are available: pod has unbound immediate PersistentVolumeClaims. preemption: 0/1 nodes are available: 1 Preemption is not helpful for scheduling..
  Normal   Scheduled         56s                default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/db-1234 to sno1.example.lab
  Warning  FailedMount       24s (x7 over 55s)  kubelet            MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "pvc-1234" : rpc error: code = Unknown desc = VolumeID is not found

Resolution

You must include logicalvolumes.topolvm.io in the application Backup CR. Without this resource, the application restores its persistent volume claims and persistent volume manifests correctly, however, the logicalvolume associated with this persistent volume is not restored properly after pivot.

Example Backup CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Backup
metadata:
  labels:
    velero.io/storage-location: default
  name: small-app
  namespace: openshift-adp
spec:
  includedNamespaces:
  - test
  includedNamespaceScopedResources:
  - secrets
  - persistentvolumeclaims
  - deployments
  - statefulsets
  includedClusterScopedResources: (1)
  - persistentVolumes
  - volumesnapshotcontents
  - logicalvolumes.topolvm.io

1	To restore the persistent volumes for your application, you must configure this section as shown.

Missing LVM Storage-related fields in Restore CR

Issue

The expected resources for the applications are restored but the persistent volume contents are not preserved after upgrading.

List the persistent volumes for you applications by running the following command before pivot:

$ oc get pv,pvc,logicalvolumes.topolvm.io -A

Example output before pivot

NAME                        CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM            STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
persistentvolume/pvc-1234   1Gi        RWO            Retain           Bound    default/pvc-db   lvms-vg1                4h45m

NAMESPACE   NAME                           STATUS   VOLUME     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
default     persistentvolumeclaim/pvc-db   Bound    pvc-1234   1Gi        RWO            lvms-vg1       4h45m

NAMESPACE   NAME                                AGE
            logicalvolume.topolvm.io/pvc-1234   4h45m

List the persistent volumes for you applications by running the following command after pivot:

$ oc get pv,pvc,logicalvolumes.topolvm.io -A

Example output after pivot

NAME                        CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM            STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
persistentvolume/pvc-1234   1Gi        RWO            Delete           Bound    default/pvc-db   lvms-vg1                19s

NAMESPACE   NAME                           STATUS   VOLUME     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
default     persistentvolumeclaim/pvc-db   Bound    pvc-1234   1Gi        RWO            lvms-vg1       19s

NAMESPACE   NAME                                AGE
            logicalvolume.topolvm.io/pvc-1234   18s

Resolution

The reason for this issue is that the logicalvolume status is not preserved in the Restore CR. This status is important because it is required for Velero to reference the volumes that must be preserved after pivoting. You must include the following fields in the application Restore CR:

Example Restore CR

apiVersion: velero.io/v1
kind: Restore
metadata:
  name: sample-vote-app
  namespace: openshift-adp
  labels:
    velero.io/storage-location: default
  annotations:
    lca.openshift.io/apply-wave: "3"
spec:
  backupName:
    sample-vote-app
  restorePVs: true (1)
  restoreStatus: (2)
    includedResources:
      - logicalvolumes

1	To preserve the persistent volumes for your application, you must set `restorePVs` to `true`.
2	To preserve the persistent volumes for your application, you must configure this section as shown.

Debugging failed Backup and Restore CRs

Issue

The backup or restoration of artifacts failed.

Resolution

You can debug Backup and Restore CRs and retrieve logs with the Velero CLI tool. The Velero CLI tool provides more detailed information than the OpenShift CLI tool.

Describe the Backup CR that contains errors by running the following command:

$ oc exec -n openshift-adp velero-7c87d58c7b-sw6fc -c velero -- ./velero describe backup -n openshift-adp backup-acm-klusterlet --details

Describe the Restore CR that contains errors by running the following command:

$ oc exec -n openshift-adp velero-7c87d58c7b-sw6fc -c velero -- ./velero describe restore -n openshift-adp restore-acm-klusterlet --details

Download the backed up resources to a local directory by running the following command:

$ oc exec -n openshift-adp velero-7c87d58c7b-sw6fc -c velero -- ./velero backup download -n openshift-adp backup-acm-klusterlet -o ~/backup-acm-klusterlet.tar.gz