Mirroring images for a disconnected installation using the oc-mirror plugin - Disconnected installation mirroring | Installing

Running your cluster in a restricted network without direct internet connectivity is possible by installing the cluster from a mirrored set of OpenShift Container Platform container images in a private registry. This registry must be running at all times as long as the cluster is running. See the Prerequisites section for more information.

You can use the oc-mirror OpenShift cli (oc) plugin to mirror images to a mirror registry in your fully or partially disconnected environments. You must run oc-mirror from a system with internet connectivity in order to download the required images from the official Red Hat registries.

The following steps outline the high-level workflow on how to use the oc-mirror plugin to mirror images to a mirror registry:

Create an image set configuration file.
Mirror the image set to the mirror registry by using one of the following methods:
- Mirror an image set directly to the mirror registry.
- Mirror an image set to disk, transfer the image set to the target environment, then upload the image set to the target mirror registry.
Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by the oc-mirror plugin.
Repeat these steps to update your mirror registry as necessary.

About the oc-mirror plugin

You can use the oc-mirror OpenShift cli (oc) plugin to mirror all required OpenShift Container Platform content and other images to your mirror registry by using a single tool. It provides the following features:

Provides a centralized method to mirror OpenShift Container Platform releases, Operators, helm charts, and other images.
Maintains update paths for OpenShift Container Platform and Operators.
Uses a declarative image set configuration file to include only the OpenShift Container Platform releases, Operators, and images that your cluster needs.
Performs incremental mirroring, which reduces the size of future image sets.
Prunes images from the target mirror registry that were excluded from the image set configuration since the previous execution.
Optionally generates supporting artifacts for OpenShift Update Service (OSUS) usage.

When using the oc-mirror plugin, you specify which content to mirror in an image set configuration file. In this YAML file, you can fine-tune the configuration to only include the OpenShift Container Platform releases and Operators that your cluster needs. This reduces the amount of data that you need to download and transfer. The oc-mirror plugin can also mirror arbitrary helm charts and additional container images to assist users in seamlessly synchronizing their workloads onto mirror registries.

The first time you run the oc-mirror plugin, it populates your mirror registry with the required content to perform your disconnected cluster installation or update. In order for your disconnected cluster to continue receiving updates, you must keep your mirror registry updated. To update your mirror registry, you run the oc-mirror plugin using the same configuration as the first time you ran it. The oc-mirror plugin references the metadata from the storage backend and only downloads what has been released since the last time you ran the tool. This provides update paths for OpenShift Container Platform and Operators and performs dependency resolution as required.

When using the oc-mirror cli plugin to populate a mirror registry, any further updates to the mirror registry must be made using the oc-mirror tool.

oc-mirror compatibility and support

The oc-mirror plugin supports mirroring OpenShift Container Platform payload images and Operator catalogs for OpenShift Container Platform versions 4.10 and later.

On aarch64, ppc64le, and s390x architectures the oc-mirror plugin is only supported for OpenShift Container Platform versions 4.14 and later.

Use the latest available version of the oc-mirror plugin regardless of which versions of OpenShift Container Platform you need to mirror.

If you used the Technology Preview OCI local catalogs feature for the oc-mirror plugin for OpenShift Container Platform 4.12, you can no longer use the OCI local catalogs feature of the oc-mirror plugin to copy a catalog locally and convert it to OCI format as a first step to mirroring to a fully disconnected cluster.

About the mirror registry

You can mirror the images that are required for OpenShift Container Platform installation and subsequent product updates to a container mirror registry that supports Docker v2-2, such as Red Hat Quay. If you do not have access to a large-scale container registry, you can use the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift, which is a small-scale container registry included with OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions.

Regardless of your chosen registry, the procedure to mirror content from Red Hat hosted sites on the internet to an isolated image registry is the same. After you mirror the content, you configure each cluster to retrieve this content from your mirror registry.

The OpenShift image registry cannot be used as the target registry because it does not support pushing without a tag, which is required during the mirroring process.

If choosing a container registry that is not the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift, it must be reachable by every machine in the clusters that you provision. If the registry is unreachable, installation, updating, or normal operations such as workload relocation might fail. For that reason, you must run mirror registries in a highly available way, and the mirror registries must at least match the production availability of your OpenShift Container Platform clusters.

When you populate your mirror registry with OpenShift Container Platform images, you can follow two scenarios. If you have a host that can access both the internet and your mirror registry, but not your cluster nodes, you can directly mirror the content from that machine. This process is referred to as connected mirroring. If you have no such host, you must mirror the images to a file system and then bring that host or removable media into your restricted environment. This process is referred to as disconnected mirroring.

For mirrored registries, to view the source of pulled images, you must review the Trying to access log entry in the CRI-O logs. Other methods to view the image pull source, such as using the crictl images command on a node, show the non-mirrored image name, even though the image is pulled from the mirrored location.

Red Hat does not test third party registries with OpenShift Container Platform.

Additional resources

For information about viewing the CRI-O logs to view the image source, see Viewing the image pull source.

Prerequisites

You must have a container image registry that supports Docker v2-2 in the location that will host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster, such as Red Hat Quay.

If you use Red Hat Quay, you must use version 3.6 or later with the oc-mirror plugin. If you have an entitlement to Red Hat Quay, see the documentation on deploying Red Hat Quay for proof-of-concept purposes or by using the Red Hat Quay Operator. If you need additional assistance selecting and installing a registry, contact your sales representative or Red Hat Support.

If you do not already have an existing solution for a container image registry, subscribers of OpenShift Container Platform are provided a mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift. The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is included with your subscription and is a small-scale container registry that can be used to mirror the required container images of OpenShift Container Platform in disconnected installations.

Preparing your mirror hosts

Before you can use the oc-mirror plugin to mirror images, you must install the plugin and create a container image registry credentials file to allow the mirroring from Red Hat to your mirror.

Installing the oc-mirror OpenShift cli plugin

To use the oc-mirror OpenShift cli plugin to mirror registry images, you must install the plugin. If you are mirroring image sets in a fully disconnected environment, ensure that you install the oc-mirror plugin on the host with internet access and the host in the disconnected environment with access to the mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).
You have set the umask parameter to 0022 on the operating system that uses oc-mirror.
You have installed the correct binary for the RHEL version that you are using.

Procedure

Download the oc-mirror cli plugin.
1. Navigate to the Downloads page of the OpenShift Cluster Manager.
2. Under the OpenShift disconnected installation tools section, click Download for OpenShift client (oc) mirror plugin and save the file.
Extract the archive:
```
$ tar xvzf oc-mirror.tar.gz
```
If necessary, update the plugin file to be executable:
```
$ chmod +x oc-mirror
```
Do not rename the oc-mirror file.
Install the oc-mirror cli plugin by placing the file in your PATH, for example, /usr/local/bin:
```
$ sudo mv oc-mirror /usr/local/bin/.
```

Verification

Run oc mirror help to verify that the plugin was successfully installed:
```
$ oc mirror help
```

Additional resources

Installing and using cli plugins

Configuring credentials that allow images to be mirrored

Create a container image registry credentials file that allows mirroring images from Red Hat to your mirror.

Do not use this image registry credentials file as the pull secret when you install a cluster. If you provide this file when you install cluster, all of the machines in the cluster will have write access to your mirror registry.

This process requires that you have write access to a container image registry on the mirror registry and adds the credentials to a registry pull secret.

Prerequisites

You configured a mirror registry to use in your disconnected environment.
You identified an image repository location on your mirror registry to mirror images into.
You provisioned a mirror registry account that allows images to be uploaded to that image repository.

Procedure

Complete the following steps on the installation host:

Download your registry.redhat.io pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.

Make a copy of your pull secret in JSON format:

$ cat ./pull-secret | jq . > <path>/<pull_secret_file_in_json> (1)

1	Specify the path to the folder to store the pull secret in and a name for the JSON file that you create.

The contents of the file resemble the following example:

{
  "auths": {
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}

Save the file as either ~/.docker/config.json or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json:
1. If the .docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers directories do not exist, create one by entering the following command:
  $ mkdir -p <directory_name>
  Where <directory_name> is either ~/.docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers.
2. Copy the pull secret to the appropriate directory by entering the following command:
  $ cp <path>/<pull_secret_file_in_json> <directory_name>/<auth_file>
  Where <directory_name> is either ~/.docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers, and <auth_file> is either config.json or auth.json.
Generate the base64-encoded user name and password or token for your mirror registry:
```
$ echo -n '<user_name>:<password>' | base64 -w0 (1)
BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=
```
1 For <user_name> and <password>, specify the user name and password that you configured for your registry.

Edit the JSON file and add a section that describes your registry to it:

  "auths": {
    "<mirror_registry>": { (1)
      "auth": "<credentials>", (2)
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  },

1	For `<mirror_registry>`, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example, `registry.example.com` or `registry.example.com:8443`
2	For `<credentials>`, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for the mirror registry.

The file resembles the following example:

{
  "auths": {
    "registry.example.com": {
      "auth": "BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}

Creating the image set configuration

Before you can use the oc-mirror plugin to mirror image sets, you must create an image set configuration file. This image set configuration file defines which OpenShift Container Platform releases, Operators, and other images to mirror, along with other configuration settings for the oc-mirror plugin.

You must specify a storage backend in the image set configuration file. This storage backend can be a local directory or a registry that supports Docker v2-2. The oc-mirror plugin stores metadata in this storage backend during image set creation.

Do not delete or modify the metadata that is generated by the oc-mirror plugin. You must use the same storage backend every time you run the oc-mirror plugin for the same mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have created a container image registry credentials file. For instructions, see Configuring credentials that allow images to be mirrored.

Procedure

Use the oc mirror init command to create a template for the image set configuration and save it to a file called imageset-config.yaml:
```
$ oc mirror init --registry example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata > imageset-config.yaml (1)
```
1 Replace example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata with the location of your registry for the storage backend.

Edit the file and adjust the settings as necessary:

kind: ImageSetConfiguration
apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
archiveSize: 4                                                      (1)
storageConfig:                                                      (2)
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata                 (3)
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  platform:
    channels:
    - name: stable-4.14                                             (4)
      type: ocp
    graph: true                                                     (5)
  operators:
  - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14  (6)
    packages:
    - name: serverless-operator                                     (7)
      channels:
      - name: stable                                                (8)
  additionalImages:
  - name: registry.redhat.io/ubi9/ubi:latest                        (9)
  helm: {}

1	Add `archiveSize` to set the maximum size, in GiB, of each file within the image set.
2	Set the back-end location to save the image set metadata to. This location can be a registry or local directory. It is required to specify `storageConfig` values.
3	Set the registry URL for the storage backend.
4	Set the channel to retrieve the OpenShift Container Platform images from.
5	Add `graph: true` to build and push the graph-data image to the mirror registry. The graph-data image is required to create OpenShift Update Service (OSUS). The `graph: true` field also generates the `UpdateService` custom resource manifest. The `oc` command-line interface (cli) can use the `UpdateService` custom resource manifest to create OSUS. For more information, see About the OpenShift Update Service.
6	Set the Operator catalog to retrieve the OpenShift Container Platform images from.
7	Specify only certain Operator packages to include in the image set. Remove this field to retrieve all packages in the catalog.
8	Specify only certain channels of the Operator packages to include in the image set. You must always include the default channel for the Operator package even if you do not use the bundles in that channel. You can find the default channel by running the following command: `oc mirror list operators --catalog=<catalog_name> --package=<package_name>`.
9	Specify any additional images to include in image set.

The graph: true field also mirrors the ubi-micro image along with other mirrored images.

When upgrading OpenShift Container Platform Extended Update Support (EUS) versions, an intermediate version might be required between the current and target versions. For example, if the current version is 4.14 and target version is 4.16, you might need to include a version such as 4.15.8 in the ImageSetConfiguration when using the oc-mirror plugin v1.

The oc-mirror plugin v1 might not always detect this automatically, so check the Cincinnati graph web page to confirm any required intermediate versions and add them manually to your configuration.

See Image set configuration parameters for the full list of parameters and Image set configuration examples for various mirroring use cases.

Save the updated file.

This image set configuration file is required by the oc mirror command when mirroring content.

Additional resources

Mirroring an image set to a mirror registry

You can use the oc-mirror cli plugin to mirror images to a mirror registry in a partially disconnected environment or in a fully disconnected environment.

These procedures assume that you already have your mirror registry set up.

Mirroring an image set in a partially disconnected environment

In a partially disconnected environment, you can mirror an image set directly to the target mirror registry.

Mirroring from mirror to mirror

You can use the oc-mirror plugin to mirror an image set directly to a target mirror registry that is accessible during image set creation.

You are required to specify a storage backend in the image set configuration file. This storage backend can be a local directory or a Docker v2 registry. The oc-mirror plugin stores metadata in this storage backend during image set creation.

Do not delete or modify the metadata that is generated by the oc-mirror plugin. You must use the same storage backend every time you run the oc-mirror plugin for the same mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images.
You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).
You have installed the oc-mirror cli plugin.
You have created the image set configuration file.

Procedure

Run the oc mirror command to mirror the images from the specified image set configuration to a specified registry:

$ oc mirror --config=./imageset-config.yaml \(1)
  docker://registry.example:5000             (2)

1	Pass in the image set configuration file that was created. This procedure assumes that it is named `imageset-config.yaml`.
2	Specify the registry to mirror the image set file to. The registry must start with `docker://`. If you specify a top-level namespace for the mirror registry, you must also use this same namespace on subsequent executions.

Verification

Navigate into the oc-mirror-workspace/ directory that was generated.
Navigate into the results directory, for example, results-1639608409/.
Verify that YAML files are present for the ImageContentSourcePolicy and CatalogSource resources.

The repositoryDigestMirrors section of the ImageContentSourcePolicy YAML file is used for the install-config.yaml file during installation.

Next steps

Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror.

Troubleshooting

Unable to retrieve source image.

Mirroring an image set in a fully disconnected environment

To mirror an image set in a fully disconnected environment, you must first mirror the image set to disk, then mirror the image set file on disk to a mirror.

Mirroring from mirror to disk

You can use the oc-mirror plugin to generate an image set and save the contents to disk. The generated image set can then be transferred to the disconnected environment and mirrored to the target registry.

Depending on the configuration specified in the image set configuration file, using oc-mirror to mirror images might download several hundreds of gigabytes of data to disk.

The initial image set download when you populate the mirror registry is often the largest. Because you only download the images that changed since the last time you ran the command, when you run the oc-mirror plugin again, the generated image set is often smaller.

You are required to specify a storage backend in the image set configuration file. This storage backend can be a local directory or a docker v2 registry. The oc-mirror plugin stores metadata in this storage backend during image set creation.

Do not delete or modify the metadata that is generated by the oc-mirror plugin. You must use the same storage backend every time you run the oc-mirror plugin for the same mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images.
You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).
You have installed the oc-mirror cli plugin.
You have created the image set configuration file.

Procedure

Run the oc mirror command to mirror the images from the specified image set configuration to disk:

$ oc mirror --config=./imageset-config.yaml \(1)
  file://<path_to_output_directory>          (2)

1	Pass in the image set configuration file that was created. This procedure assumes that it is named `imageset-config.yaml`.
2	Specify the target directory where you want to output the image set file. The target directory path must start with `file://`.

Verification

Navigate to your output directory:
```
$ cd <path_to_output_directory>
```
Verify that an image set .tar file was created:
```
$ ls
```
Example output
```
mirror_seq1_000000.tar
```

Next steps

Transfer the image set .tar file to the disconnected environment.

Troubleshooting

Unable to retrieve source image.

Mirroring from disk to mirror

You can use the oc-mirror plugin to mirror the contents of a generated image set to the target mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc) in the disconnected environment.
You have installed the oc-mirror cli plugin in the disconnected environment.
You have generated the image set file by using the oc mirror command.
You have transferred the image set file to the disconnected environment.

Procedure

Run the oc mirror command to process the image set file on disk and mirror the contents to a target mirror registry:

$ oc mirror --from=./mirror_seq1_000000.tar \(1)
  docker://registry.example:5000             (2)

1	Pass in the image set .tar file to mirror, named `mirror_seq1_000000.tar` in this example. If an `archiveSize` value was specified in the image set configuration file, the image set might be broken up into multiple .tar files. In this situation, you can pass in a directory that contains the image set .tar files.
2	Specify the registry to mirror the image set file to. The registry must start with `docker://`. If you specify a top-level namespace for the mirror registry, you must also use this same namespace on subsequent executions.

This command updates the mirror registry with the image set and generates the ImageContentSourcePolicy and CatalogSource resources.

Verification

Navigate into the oc-mirror-workspace/ directory that was generated.
Navigate into the results directory, for example, results-1639608409/.
Verify that YAML files are present for the ImageContentSourcePolicy and CatalogSource resources.

Next steps

Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror.

Troubleshooting

Unable to retrieve source image.

Configuring your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror

After you have mirrored your image set to the mirror registry, you must apply the generated ImageContentSourcePolicy, CatalogSource, and release image signature resources into the cluster.

The ImageContentSourcePolicy resource associates the mirror registry with the source registry and redirects image pull requests from the online registries to the mirror registry. The CatalogSource resource is used by Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) to retrieve information about the available Operators in the mirror registry. The release image signatures are used to verify the mirrored release images.

Prerequisites

You have mirrored the image set to the registry mirror in the disconnected environment.
You have access to the cluster as a user with the cluster-admin role.

Procedure

Log in to the OpenShift cli as a user with the cluster-admin role.
Apply the YAML files from the results directory to the cluster by running the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f ./oc-mirror-workspace/results-1639608409/
```

If you mirrored release images, apply the release image signatures to the cluster by running the following command:

$ oc apply -f ./oc-mirror-workspace/results-1639608409/release-signatures/

If you are mirroring Operators instead of clusters, you do not need to run $ oc apply -f ./oc-mirror-workspace/results-1639608409/release-signatures/. Running that command will return an error, as there are no release image signatures to apply.

Verification

Verify that the ImageContentSourcePolicy resources were successfully installed by running the following command:
```
$ oc get imagecontentsourcepolicy
```
Verify that the CatalogSource resources were successfully installed by running the following command:
```
$ oc get catalogsource -n openshift-marketplace
```

Keeping your mirror registry content updated

After your target mirror registry is populated with the initial image set, be sure to update it regularly so that it has the latest content. You can optionally set up a cron job, if possible, so that the mirror registry is updated on a regular basis.

Ensure that you update your image set configuration to add or remove OpenShift Container Platform and Operator releases as necessary. Any images that are removed are pruned from the mirror registry.

About updating your mirror registry content

When you run the oc-mirror plugin again, it generates an image set that only contains new and updated images since the previous execution. Because it only pulls in the differences since the previous image set was created, the generated image set is often smaller and faster to process than the initial image set.

Generated image sets are sequential and must be pushed to the target mirror registry in order. You can derive the sequence number from the file name of the generated image set archive file.

Adding new and updated images

Depending on the settings in your image set configuration, future executions of oc-mirror can mirror additional new and updated images. Review the settings in your image set configuration to ensure that you are retrieving new versions as necessary. For example, you can set the minimum and maximum versions of Operators to mirror if you want to restrict to specific versions. Alternatively, you can set the minimum version as a starting point to mirror, but keep the version range open so you keep receiving new Operator versions on future executions of oc-mirror. Omitting any minimum or maximum version gives you the full version history of an Operator in a channel. Omitting explicitly named channels gives you all releases in all channels of the specified Operator. Omitting any named Operator gives you the entire catalog of all Operators and all their versions ever released.

All these constraints and conditions are evaluated against the publicly released content by Red Hat on every invocation of oc-mirror. This way, it automatically picks up new releases and entirely new Operators. Constraints can be specified by only listing a desired set of Operators, which will not automatically add other newly released Operators into the mirror set. You can also specify a particular release channel, which limits mirroring to just this channel and not any new channels that have been added. This is important for Operator products, such as Red Hat Quay, that use different release channels for their minor releases. Lastly, you can specify a maximum version of a particular Operator, which causes the tool to only mirror the specified version range so that you do not automatically get any newer releases past the maximum version mirrored. In all these cases, you must update the image set configuration file to broaden the scope of the mirroring of Operators to get other Operators, new channels, and newer versions of Operators to be available in your target registry.

It is recommended to align constraints like channel specification or version ranges with the release strategy that a particular Operator has chosen. For example, when the Operator uses a stable channel, you should restrict mirroring to that channel and potentially a minimum version to find the right balance between download volume and getting stable updates regularly. If the Operator chooses a release version channel scheme, for example stable-3.7, you should mirror all releases in that channel. This allows you to keep receiving patch versions of the Operator, for example 3.7.1. You can also regularly adjust the image set configuration to add channels for new product releases, for example stable-3.8.

Pruning images

Images are pruned automatically from the target mirror registry if they are no longer included in the latest image set that was generated and mirrored. This allows you to easily manage and clean up unneeded content and reclaim storage resources.

If there are OpenShift Container Platform releases or Operator versions that you no longer need, you can modify your image set configuration to exclude them, and they will be pruned from the mirror registry upon mirroring. This can be done by adjusting a minimum or maximum version range setting per Operator in the image set configuration file or by deleting the Operator from the list of Operators to mirror from the catalog. You can also remove entire Operator catalogs or entire OpenShift Container Platform releases from the configuration file.

If there are no new or updated images to mirror, the excluded images are not pruned from the target mirror registry. Additionally, if an Operator publisher removes an Operator version from a channel, the removed versions are pruned from the target mirror registry.

To disable automatic pruning of images from the target mirror registry, pass the --skip-pruning flag to the oc mirror command.

Updating your mirror registry content

After you publish the initial image set to the mirror registry, you can use the oc-mirror plugin to keep your disconnected clusters updated.

Depending on your image set configuration, oc-mirror automatically detects newer releases of OpenShift Container Platform and your selected Operators that have been released after you completed the initial mirror. It is recommended to run oc-mirror at regular intervals, for example in a nightly cron job, to receive product and security updates on a timely basis.

Prerequisites

You have used the oc-mirror plugin to mirror the initial image set to your mirror registry.

You have access to the storage backend that was used for the initial execution of the oc-mirror plugin.

You must use the same storage backend as the initial execution of oc-mirror for the same mirror registry. Do not delete or modify the metadata image that is generated by the oc-mirror plugin.

Procedure

If necessary, update your image set configuration file to pick up new OpenShift Container Platform and Operator versions. See Image set configuration examples for example mirroring use cases.

Follow the same steps that you used to mirror your initial image set to the mirror registry. For instructions, see Mirroring an image set in a partially disconnected environment or Mirroring an image set in a fully disconnected environment.

You must provide the same storage backend so that only a differential image set is created and mirrored.
If you specified a top-level namespace for the mirror registry during the initial image set creation, then you must use this same namespace every time you run the oc-mirror plugin for the same mirror registry.

Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror.

Additional resources

Performing a dry run

You can use oc-mirror to perform a dry run, without actually mirroring any images. This allows you to review the list of images that would be mirrored, as well as any images that would be pruned from the mirror registry. It also allows you to catch any errors with your image set configuration early or use the generated list of images with other tools to carry out the mirroring operation.

Prerequisites

You have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images.
You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).
You have installed the oc-mirror cli plugin.
You have created the image set configuration file.

Procedure

Run the oc mirror command with the --dry-run flag to perform a dry run:

$ oc mirror --config=./imageset-config.yaml \(1)
  docker://registry.example:5000            \(2)
  --dry-run                                  (3)

1	Pass in the image set configuration file that was created. This procedure assumes that it is named `imageset-config.yaml`.
2	Specify the mirror registry. Nothing is mirrored to this registry as long as you use the `--dry-run` flag.
3	Use the `--dry-run` flag to generate the dry run artifacts and not an actual image set file.

Example output

Checking push permissions for registry.example:5000
Creating directory: oc-mirror-workspace/src/publish
Creating directory: oc-mirror-workspace/src/v2
Creating directory: oc-mirror-workspace/src/charts
Creating directory: oc-mirror-workspace/src/release-signatures
No metadata detected, creating new workspace
wrote mirroring manifests to oc-mirror-workspace/operators.1658342351/manifests-redhat-operator-index

...

info: Planning completed in 31.48s
info: Dry run complete
Writing image mapping to oc-mirror-workspace/mapping.txt

Navigate into the workspace directory that was generated:
```
$ cd oc-mirror-workspace/
```
Review the mapping.txt file that was generated.

This file contains a list of all images that would be mirrored.
Review the pruning-plan.json file that was generated.

This file contains a list of all images that would be pruned from the mirror registry when the image set is published.

The pruning-plan.json file is only generated if your oc-mirror command points to your mirror registry and there are images to be pruned.

Including local OCI Operator catalogs

While mirroring OpenShift Container Platform releases, Operator catalogs, and additional images from a registry to a partially disconnected cluster, you can include Operator catalog images from a local file-based catalog on disk. The local catalog must be in the Open Container Initiative (OCI) format.

The local catalog and its contents are mirrored to your target mirror registry based on the filtering information in the image set configuration file.

When mirroring local OCI catalogs, any OpenShift Container Platform releases or additional images that you want to mirror along with the local OCI-formatted catalog must be pulled from a registry.

You cannot mirror OCI catalogs along with an oc-mirror image set file on disk.

One example use case for using the OCI feature is if you have a CI/CD system building an OCI catalog to a location on disk, and you want to mirror that OCI catalog along with an OpenShift Container Platform release to your mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You have access to the internet to obtain the necessary container images.
You have installed the OpenShift cli (oc).
You have installed the oc-mirror cli plugin.

Procedure

Create the image set configuration file and adjust the settings as necessary.

The following example image set configuration mirrors an OCI catalog on disk along with an OpenShift Container Platform release and a UBI image from registry.redhat.io.

kind: ImageSetConfiguration
apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
storageConfig:
  local:
    path: /home/user/metadata                                                (1)
mirror:
  platform:
    channels:
    - name: stable-4.14                                                      (2)
      type: ocp
    graph: false
  operators:
  - catalog: oci:///home/user/oc-mirror/my-oci-catalog                       (3)
    targetCatalog: my-namespace/redhat-operator-index                        (4)
    packages:
    - name: aws-load-balancer-operator
  - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14           (5)
    packages:
    - name: rhacs-operator
  additionalImages:
  - name: registry.redhat.io/ubi9/ubi:latest                                 (6)

1	Set the back-end location to save the image set metadata to. This location can be a registry or local directory. It is required to specify `storageConfig` values.
2	Optionally, include an OpenShift Container Platform release to mirror from `registry.redhat.io`.
3	Specify the absolute path to the location of the OCI catalog on disk. The path must start with `oci://` when using the OCI feature.
4	Optionally, specify an alternative namespace and name to mirror the catalog as.
5	Optionally, specify additional Operator catalogs to pull from a registry.
6	Optionally, specify additional images to pull from a registry.

Run the oc mirror command to mirror the OCI catalog to a target mirror registry:

$ oc mirror --config=./imageset-config.yaml \ (1)
  docker://registry.example:5000              (2)

1	Pass in the image set configuration file. This procedure assumes that it is named `imageset-config.yaml`.
2	Specify the registry to mirror the content to. The registry must start with `docker://`. If you specify a top-level namespace for the mirror registry, you must also use this same namespace on subsequent executions.

Optionally, you can specify other flags to adjust the behavior of the OCI feature:

--oci-insecure-signature-policy

Do not push signatures to the target mirror registry.

--oci-registries-config

Specify the path to a TOML-formatted registries.conf file. You can use this to mirror from a different registry, such as a pre-production location for testing, without having to change the image set configuration file. This flag only affects local OCI catalogs, not any other mirrored content.

Example registries.conf file

[[registry]]
 location = "registry.redhat.io:5000"
 insecure = false
 blocked = false
 mirror-by-digest-only = true
 prefix = ""
 [[registry.mirror]]
    location = "preprod-registry.example.com"
    insecure = false

Next steps

Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror.

Additional resources

Configuring your cluster to use the resources generated by oc-mirror

Image set configuration parameters

The oc-mirror plugin requires an image set configuration file that defines what images to mirror. The following table lists the available parameters for the ImageSetConfiguration resource.

Table 1. `ImageSetConfiguration` parameters
Parameter	Description	Values
`apiVersion`	The API version for the `ImageSetConfiguration` content.	String. For example: `mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2`.
`archiveSize`	The maximum size, in GiB, of each archive file within the image set.	Integer. For example: `4`
`mirror`	The configuration of the image set.	Object
`mirror.additionalImages`	The additional images configuration of the image set.	Array of objects. For example: `additionalImages: - name: registry.redhat.io/ubi8/ubi:latest`
`mirror.additionalImages.name`	The tag or digest of the image to mirror.	String. For example: `registry.redhat.io/ubi8/ubi:latest`
`mirror.blockedImages`	The full tag, digest, or pattern of images to block from mirroring.	Array of strings. For example: `docker.io/library/alpine`
`mirror.helm`	The helm configuration of the image set. Note that the oc-mirror plugin supports only helm charts that do not require user input when rendered.	Object
`mirror.helm.local`	The local helm charts to mirror.	Array of objects. For example: `local: - name: podinfo path: /test/podinfo-5.0.0.tar.gz`
`mirror.helm.local.name`	The name of the local helm chart to mirror.	String. For example: `podinfo`.
`mirror.helm.local.path`	The path of the local helm chart to mirror.	String. For example: `/test/podinfo-5.0.0.tar.gz`.
`mirror.helm.repositories`	The remote helm repositories to mirror from.	Array of objects. For example: `repositories: - name: podinfo url: https://example.github.io/podinfo charts: - name: podinfo version: 5.0.0`
`mirror.helm.repositories.name`	The name of the helm repository to mirror from.	String. For example: `podinfo`.
`mirror.helm.repositories.url`	The URL of the helm repository to mirror from.	String. For example: `https://example.github.io/podinfo`.
`mirror.helm.repositories.charts`	The remote helm charts to mirror.	Array of objects.
`mirror.helm.repositories.charts.name`	The name of the helm chart to mirror.	String. For example: `podinfo`.
`mirror.helm.repositories.charts.version`	The version of the named helm chart to mirror.	String. For example: `5.0.0`.
`mirror.operators`	The Operators configuration of the image set.	Array of objects. For example: `operators: - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14 packages: - name: elasticsearch-operator minVersion: '2.4.0'`
`mirror.operators.catalog`	The Operator catalog to include in the image set.	String. For example: `registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14`.
`mirror.operators.full`	When `true`, downloads the full catalog, Operator package, or Operator channel.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.
`mirror.operators.packages`	The Operator packages configuration.	Array of objects. For example: `operators: - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14 packages: - name: elasticsearch-operator minVersion: '5.2.3-31'`
`mirror.operators.packages.name`	The Operator package name to include in the image set	String. For example: `elasticsearch-operator`.
`mirror.operators.packages.channels`	The Operator package channel configuration.	Object
`mirror.operators.packages.channels.name`	The Operator channel name, unique within a package, to include in the image set.	String. For example: `fast` or `stable-v4.14`.
`mirror.operators.packages.channels.maxVersion`	The highest version of the Operator mirror across all channels in which it exists. See the following note for further information.	String. For example: `5.2.3-31`
`mirror.operators.packages.channels.minBundle`	The name of the minimum bundle to include, plus all bundles in the update graph to the channel head. Set this field only if the named bundle has no semantic version metadata.	String. For example: `bundleName`
`mirror.operators.packages.channels.minVersion`	The lowest version of the Operator to mirror across all channels in which it exists. See the following note for further information.	String. For example: `5.2.3-31`
`mirror.operators.packages.maxVersion`	The highest version of the Operator to mirror across all channels in which it exists. See the following note for further information.	String. For example: `5.2.3-31`.
`mirror.operators.packages.minVersion`	The lowest version of the Operator to mirror across all channels in which it exists. See the following note for further information.	String. For example: `5.2.3-31`.
`mirror.operators.skipDependencies`	If `true`, dependencies of bundles are not included.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.
`mirror.operators.targetCatalog`	An alternative name and optional namespace hierarchy to mirror the referenced catalog as.	String. For example: `my-namespace/my-operator-catalog`
`mirror.operators.targetName`	An alternative name to mirror the referenced catalog as. The `targetName` parameter is deprecated. Use the `targetCatalog` parameter instead.	String. For example: `my-operator-catalog`
`mirror.operators.targetTag`	An alternative tag to append to the `targetName` or `targetCatalog`.	String. For example: `v1`
`mirror.platform`	The platform configuration of the image set.	Object
`mirror.platform.architectures`	The architecture of the platform release payload to mirror.	Array of strings. For example: `architectures: - amd64 - arm64 - multi - ppc64le - s390x` The default value is `amd64`. The value `multi` ensures that the mirroring is supported for all available architectures, eliminating the need to specify individual architectures.
`mirror.platform.channels`	The platform channel configuration of the image set.	Array of objects. For example: `channels: - name: stable-4.10 - name: stable-4.14`
`mirror.platform.channels.full`	When `true`, sets the `minVersion` to the first release in the channel and the `maxVersion` to the last release in the channel.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.
`mirror.platform.channels.name`	The name of the release channel.	String. For example: `stable-4.14`
`mirror.platform.channels.minVersion`	The minimum version of the referenced platform to be mirrored.	String. For example: `4.12.6`
`mirror.platform.channels.maxVersion`	The highest version of the referenced platform to be mirrored.	String. For example: `4.14.1`
`mirror.platform.channels.shortestPath`	Toggles shortest path mirroring or full range mirroring.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.
`mirror.platform.channels.type`	The type of the platform to be mirrored.	String. For example: `ocp` or `okd`. The default is `ocp`.
`mirror.platform.graph`	Indicates whether the OSUS graph is added to the image set and subsequently published to the mirror.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.
`storageConfig`	The back-end configuration of the image set.	Object
`storageConfig.local`	The local back-end configuration of the image set.	Object
`storageConfig.local.path`	The path of the directory to contain the image set metadata.	String. For example: `./path/to/dir/`.
`storageConfig.registry`	The registry back-end configuration of the image set.	Object
`storageConfig.registry.imageURL`	The back-end registry URI. Can optionally include a namespace reference in the URI.	String. For example: `quay.io/myuser/imageset:metadata`.
`storageConfig.registry.skipTLS`	Optionally skip TLS verification of the referenced back-end registry.	Boolean. The default value is `false`.

Using the minVersion and maxVersion properties to filter for a specific Operator version range can result in a multiple channel heads error. The error message will state that there are multiple channel heads. This is because when the filter is applied, the update graph of the operator is truncated.

The Operator Lifecycle Manager requires that every operator channel contains versions that form an update graph with exactly one end point, that is, the latest version of the operator. When applying the filter range that graph can turn into two or more separate graphs or a graph that has more than one end point.

To avoid this error, do not filter out the latest version of an operator. If you still run into the error, depending on the operator, either the maxVersion property needs to be increased or the minVersion property needs to be decreased. Because every operator graph can be different, you might need to adjust these values, according to the procedure, until the error is gone.

Image set configuration examples

The following ImageSetConfiguration file examples show the configuration for various mirroring use cases.

Use case: Including the shortest OpenShift Container Platform update path

The following ImageSetConfiguration file uses a local storage backend and includes all OpenShift Container Platform versions along the shortest update path from the minimum version of 4.11.37 to the maximum version of 4.12.15.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  local:
    path: /home/user/metadata
mirror:
  platform:
    channels:
      - name: stable-4.12
        minVersion: 4.11.37
        maxVersion: 4.12.15
        shortestPath: true

Use case: Including all versions of OpenShift Container Platform from a minimum to the latest version for multi-architecture releases

The following ImageSetConfiguration file uses a registry storage backend and includes all OpenShift Container Platform versions starting at a minimum version of 4.13.4 to the latest version in the channel. On every invocation of oc-mirror with this image set configuration, the latest release of the stable-4.13 channel is evaluated, so running oc-mirror at regular intervals ensures that you automatically receive the latest releases of OpenShift Container Platform images.

By setting the value of platform.architectures to multi, you can ensure that the mirroring is supported for multi-architecture releases.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  platform:
    architectures:
      - "multi"
    channels:
      - name: stable-4.13
        minVersion: 4.13.4
        maxVersion: 4.13.6

Use case: Including Operator versions from a minimum to the latest

The following ImageSetConfiguration file uses a local storage backend and includes only the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes Operator, versions starting at 4.0.1 and later in the stable channel.

When you specify a minimum or maximum version range, you might not receive all Operator versions in that range.

By default, oc-mirror excludes any versions that are skipped or replaced by a newer version in the Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) specification. Operator versions that are skipped might be affected by a CVE or contain bugs. Use a newer version instead. For more information on skipped and replaced versions, see Creating an update graph with OLM.

To receive all Operator versions in a specified range, you can set the mirror.operators.full field to true.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  local:
    path: /home/user/metadata
mirror:
  operators:
    - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14
      packages:
        - name: rhacs-operator
          channels:
          - name: stable
            minVersion: 4.0.1

To specify a maximum version instead of the latest, set the mirror.operators.packages.channels.maxVersion field.

Use case: Including the Nutanix CSI Operator

The following ImageSetConfiguration file uses a local storage backend and includes the Nutanix CSI Operator, the OpenShift Update Service (OSUS) graph image, and an additional Red Hat Universal Base Image (UBI).

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

kind: ImageSetConfiguration
apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: mylocalregistry/ocp-mirror/openshift4
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  platform:
    channels:
    - name: stable-4.11
      type: ocp
    graph: true
  operators:
  - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/certified-operator-index:v4.14
    packages:
    - name: nutanixcsioperator
      channels:
      - name: stable
  additionalImages:
  - name: registry.redhat.io/ubi9/ubi:latest

Use case: Including the default Operator channel

The following ImageSetConfiguration file includes the stable-5.7 and stable channels for the OpenShift Elasticsearch Operator. Even if only the packages from the stable-5.7 channel are needed, the stable channel must also be included in the ImageSetConfiguration file, because it is the default channel for the Operator. You must always include the default channel for the Operator package even if you do not use the bundles in that channel.

You can find the default channel by running the following command: oc mirror list operators --catalog=<catalog_name> --package=<package_name>.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  operators:
  - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14
    packages:
    - name: elasticsearch-operator
      channels:
      - name: stable-5.7
      - name: stable

Use case: Including an entire catalog (all versions)

The following ImageSetConfiguration file sets the mirror.operators.full field to true to include all versions for an entire Operator catalog.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  operators:
    - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14
      full: true

Use case: Including an entire catalog (channel heads only)

The following ImageSetConfiguration file includes the channel heads for an entire Operator catalog.

By default, for each Operator in the catalog, oc-mirror includes the latest Operator version (channel head) from the default channel. If you want to mirror all Operator versions, and not just the channel heads, you must set the mirror.operators.full field to true.

This example also uses the targetCatalog field to specify an alternative namespace and name to mirror the catalog as.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
  operators:
  - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14
    targetCatalog: my-namespace/my-operator-catalog

Use case: Including arbitrary images and helm charts

The following ImageSetConfiguration file uses a registry storage backend and includes helm charts and an additional Red Hat Universal Base Image (UBI).

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v1alpha2
kind: ImageSetConfiguration
archiveSize: 4
storageConfig:
  registry:
    imageURL: example.com/mirror/oc-mirror-metadata
    skipTLS: false
mirror:
 platform:
   architectures:
     - "s390x"
   channels:
     - name: stable-4.14
 operators:
   - catalog: registry.redhat.io/redhat/redhat-operator-index:v4.14
 helm:
   repositories:
     - name: redhat-helm-charts
       url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redhat-developer/redhat-helm-charts/master
       charts:
         - name: ibm-mongodb-enterprise-helm
           version: 0.2.0
 additionalImages:
   - name: registry.redhat.io/ubi9/ubi:latest

Use case: Including the upgrade path for EUS releases

The following ImageSetConfiguration file includes the eus-<version> channel, where the maxVersion value is at least two minor versions higher than the minVersion value.

For example, in this ImageSetConfiguration file, the minVersion is set to 4.12.28, while the maxVersion for the eus-4.14 channel is 4.14.16.

Example ImageSetConfiguration file

kind: ImageSetConfiguration
apiVersion: mirror.openshift.io/v2alpha1
mirror:
  platform:
    graph: true # Required for the OSUS Operator
    architectures:
    - amd64
    channels:
    - name: stable-4.12
      minVersion: '4.12.28'
      maxVersion: '4.12.28'
      shortestPath: true
      type: ocp
    - name: eus-4.14
      minVersion: '4.12.28'
      maxVersion: '4.14.16'
      shortestPath: true
      type: ocp

Command reference for oc-mirror

The following tables describe the oc mirror subcommands and flags:

Table 2. oc mirror subcommands
Subcommand	Description
`completion`	Generate the autocompletion script for the specified shell.
`describe`	Output the contents of an image set.
`help`	Show help about any subcommand.
`init`	Output an initial image set configuration template.
`list`	List available platform and Operator content and their version.
`version`	Output the oc-mirror version.

Table 3. oc mirror flags
Flag	Description
`-c`, `--config` `<string>`	Specify the path to an image set configuration file.
`--continue-on-error`	If any non image-pull related error occurs, continue and attempt to mirror as much as possible.
`--dest-skip-tls`	Disable TLS validation for the target registry.
`--dest-use-http`	Use plain HTTP for the target registry.
`--dry-run`	Print actions without mirroring images. Generates `mapping.txt` and `pruning-plan.json` files.
`--from <string>`	Specify the path to an image set archive that was generated by an execution of oc-mirror to load into a target registry.
`-h`, `--help`	Show the help.
`--ignore-history`	Ignore past mirrors when downloading images and packing layers. Disables incremental mirroring and might download more data.
`--manifests-only`	Generate manifests for `ImageContentSourcePolicy` objects to configure a cluster to use the mirror registry, but do not actually mirror any images. To use this flag, you must pass in an image set archive with the `--from` flag.
`--max-nested-paths <int>`	Specify the maximum number of nested paths for destination registries that limit nested paths. The default is `0`.
`--max-per-registry <int>`	Specify the number of concurrent requests allowed per registry. The default is `6`.
`--oci-insecure-signature-policy`	Do not push signatures when mirroring local OCI catalogs (with `--include-local-oci-catalogs`).
`--oci-registries-config`	Provide a registries configuration file to specify an alternative registry location to copy from when mirroring local OCI catalogs (with `--include-local-oci-catalogs`).
`--skip-cleanup`	Skip removal of artifact directories.
`--skip-image-pin`	Do not replace image tags with digest pins in Operator catalogs.
`--skip-metadata-check`	Skip metadata when publishing an image set. This is only recommended when the image set was created with `--ignore-history`.
`--skip-missing`	If an image is not found, skip it instead of reporting an error and aborting execution. Does not apply to custom images explicitly specified in the image set configuration.
`--skip-pruning`	Disable automatic pruning of images from the target mirror registry.
`--skip-verification`	Skip digest verification.
`--source-skip-tls`	Disable TLS validation for the source registry.
`--source-use-http`	Use plain HTTP for the source registry.
`-v`, `--verbose` `<int>`	Specify the number for the log level verbosity. Valid values are `0` - `9`. The default is `0`.

Additional resources

About cluster updates in a disconnected environment