This is a cache of https://docs.openshift.com/aro/3/cli_reference/basic_cli_operations.html. It is a snapshot of the page at 2024-11-24T21:06:23.001+0000.
Developer CLI Operations | CLI Reference | Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3
    OpenShift docs are moving and will soon only be available at docs.redhat.com, the home of all Red Hat product documentation. Explore the new docs experience today.
  1. Documentation
×

Developer CLI Operations

Important

Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 will be retired 30 June 2022. Support for creation of new Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 clusters continues through 30 November 2020. Following retirement, remaining Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 clusters will be shut down to prevent security vulnerabilities.

Follow this guide to create an Azure Red Hat OpenShift 4 cluster. If you have specific questions, please contact us

Overview

This topic provides information on the developer CLI operations and their syntax. You must setup and login with the CLI before you can perform these operations.

The developer CLI uses the oc command, and is used for project-level operations. This differs from the administrator CLI, which uses the oc adm command for more advanced, administrator operations.

Common Operations

The developer CLI allows interaction with the various objects that are managed by Azure Red Hat OpenShift. Many common oc operations are invoked using the following syntax:

$ oc <action> <object_type> <object_name>

This specifies:

  • An <action> to perform, such as get or describe.

  • The <object_type> to perform the action on, such as service or the abbreviated svc.

  • The <object_name> of the specified <object_type>.

For example, the oc get operation returns a complete list of services that are currently defined:

$ oc get svc
Example Output
NAME              LABELS                                    SELECTOR                  IP              PORT(S)
docker-registry   docker-registry=default                   docker-registry=default   172.30.78.158   5000/TCP
kubernetes        component=apiserver,provider=kubernetes   <none>                    172.30.0.2      443/TCP
kubernetes-ro     component=apiserver,provider=kubernetes   <none>                    172.30.0.1      80/TCP

The oc describe operation can then be used to return detailed information about a specific object:

$ oc describe svc docker-registry
Example Output
Name:			docker-registry
Labels:			docker-registry=default
Selector:		docker-registry=default
IP:			172.30.78.158
Port:			<unnamed>	5000/TCP
Endpoints:		10.128.0.2:5000
Session Affinity:	None
No events.

Object Types

Below is the list of the most common object types the CLI supports, some of which have abbreviated syntax:

Object Type Abbreviated Version

Build

BuildConfig

bc

deploymentConfig

dc

deployments

deploy

Event

ev

ImageStream

is

ImageStreamTag

istag

ImageStreamImage

isimage

Job

CronJob (Technology Preview

cj

LimitRange

limits

Node

Pod

po

ResourceQuota

quota

ReplicationController

rc

ReplicaSet

rs

Secrets

Service

svc

ServiceAccount

sa

StatefulSets

sts

PersistentVolume

pv

PersistentVolumeClaim

pvc

If you want to know the full list of resources the server supports, use oc api-resources.

Basic CLI Operations

The following table describes basic oc operations and their general syntax:

types

Display an introduction to some core Azure Red Hat OpenShift concepts:

$ oc types

login

Log in to the Azure Red Hat OpenShift server:

$ oc login

logout

End the current session:

$ oc logout

new-project

Create a new project:

$ oc new-project <project_name>

new-app

Creates a new application based on the source code in the current directory:

$ oc new-app .

Creates a new application based on the source code in a remote repository:

$ oc new-app https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex

Creates a new application based on the source code in a private remote repository:

$ oc new-app https://github.com/youruser/yourprivaterepo --source-secret=yoursecret

status

Show an overview of the current project:

$ oc status

project

Switch to another project. Run without options to display the current project. To view all projects you have access to run oc projects.

$ oc project <project_name>

Application Modification Operations

get

Return a list of objects for the specified object type. If the optional <object_name> is included in the request, then the list of results is filtered by that value.

$ oc get <object_type> [<object_name>]

For example, the following command lists the available images for the project:

$ oc get images
Example Output
sha256:f86e02fb8c740b4ed1f59300e94be69783ee51a38cc9ce6ddb73b6f817e173b3   registry.redhat.io/jboss-datagrid-6/datagrid65-openshift@sha256:f86e02fb8c740b4ed1f59300e94be69783ee51a38cc9ce6ddb73b6f817e173b3
sha256:f98f90938360ab1979f70195a9d518ae87b1089cd42ba5fc279d647b2cb0351b   registry.redhat.io/jboss-fuse-6/fis-karaf-openshift@sha256:f98f90938360ab1979f70195a9d518ae87b1089cd42ba5fc279d647b2cb0351b

You can use the -o or --output option to modify the output format.

$ oc get <object_type> [<object_name>]-o|--output=json|yaml|wide|custom-columns=...|custom-columns-file=...|go-template=...|go-template-file=...|jsonpath=...|jsonpath-file=...]

The output format can be a JSON or YAML, or an extensible format like custom columns, golang template, and jsonpath.

For example, the following command lists the name of the pods running in a specific project:

$ oc get pods -n default -o jsonpath='{range .items[*].metadata}{"Pod Name: "}{.name}{"\n"}{end}'
Example Output
Pod Name: docker-registry-1-wvhrx
Pod Name: registry-console-1-ntq65
Pod Name: router-1-xzw69

describe

Returns information about the specific object returned by the query. A specific <object_name> must be provided. The actual information that is available varies as described in object type.

$ oc describe <object_type> <object_name>

edit

Edit the desired object type:

$ oc edit <object_type>/<object_name>

Edit the desired object type with a specified text editor:

$ OC_EDITOR="<text_editor>" oc edit <object_type>/<object_name>

Edit the desired object in a specified format (eg: JSON):

$ oc edit <object_type>/<object_name> \
    --output-version=<object_type_version> \
    -o <object_type_format>

label

Update the labels on a object:

$ oc label <object_type> <object_name> <label>

expose

Look up a service and expose it as a route. There is also the ability to expose a deployment configuration, replication controller, service, or pod as a new service on a specified port. If no labels are specified, the new object will re-use the labels from the object it exposes.

If you are exposing a service, the default generator is --generator=route/v1. For all other cases the default is --generator=service/v2, which leaves the port unnamed. Generally, there is no need to set a generator with the oc expose command. A third generator, --generator=service/v1, is available with the port name default.

$ oc expose <object_type> <object_name>

delete

Delete the specified object. An object configuration can also be passed in through STDIN. The oc delete all -l <label> operation deletes all objects matching the specified <label>, including the replication controller so that pods are not re-created.

$ oc delete -f <file_path>
$ oc delete <object_type> <object_name>
$ oc delete <object_type> -l <label>
$ oc delete all -l <label>

set

Modify a specific property of the specified object.

set env

Sets an environment variable on a deployment configuration or a build configuration:

$ oc set env dc/mydc VAR1=value1

set build-secret

Sets the name of a secret on a build configuration. The secret may be an image pull or push secret or a source repository secret:

$ oc set build-secret --source bc/mybc mysecret

Build and deployment Operations

One of the fundamental capabilities of Azure Red Hat OpenShift is the ability to build applications into a container from source.

Azure Red Hat OpenShift provides CLI access to inspect and manipulate deployment configurations using standard oc resource operations, such as get, create, and describe.

start-build

Manually start the build process with the specified build configuration file:

$ oc start-build <buildconfig_name>

Manually start the build process by specifying the name of a previous build as a starting point:

$ oc start-build --from-build=<build_name>

Manually start the build process by specifying either a configuration file or the name of a previous build and retrieve its build logs:

$ oc start-build --from-build=<build_name> --follow
$ oc start-build <buildconfig_name> --follow

Wait for a build to complete and exit with a non-zero return code if the build fails:

$ oc start-build --from-build=<build_name> --wait

Set or override environment variables for the current build without changing the build configuration. Alternatively, use -e.

$ oc start-build --env <var_name>=<value>

Set or override the default build log level output during the build:

$ oc start-build --build-loglevel [0-5]

Specify the source code commit identifier the build should use; requires a build based on a Git repository:

$ oc start-build --commit=<hash>

Re-run build with name <build_name>:

$ oc start-build --from-build=<build_name>

Archive <dir_name> and build with it as the binary input:

$ oc start-build --from-dir=<dir_name>

Use existing archive as the binary input; unlike --from-file the archive will be extracted by the builder prior to the build process:

$ oc start-build --from-archive=<archive_name>

Use <file_name> as the binary input for the build. This file must be the only one in the build source. For example, pom.xml or Dockerfile.

$ oc start-build --from-file=<file_name>

Download the binary input using HTTP or HTTPS instead of reading it from the file system:

$ oc start-build --from-file=<file_URL>

Download an archive and use its contents as the build source:

$ oc start-build --from-archive=<archive_URL>

The path to a local source code repository to use as the binary input for a build:

$ oc start-build --from-repo=<path_to_repo>

Specify a webhook URL for an existing build configuration to trigger:

$ oc start-build --from-webhook=<webhook_URL>

The contents of the post-receive hook to trigger a build:

$ oc start-build --git-post-receive=<contents>

The path to the Git repository for post-receive; defaults to the current directory:

$ oc start-build --git-repository=<path_to_repo>

List the webhooks for the specified build configuration or build; accepts all, generic, or github:

$ oc start-build --list-webhooks

Override the Spec.Strategy.SourceStrategy.Incremental option of a source-strategy build:

$ oc start-build --incremental

Override the Spec.Strategy.DockerStrategy.NoCache option of a docker-strategy build:

$oc start-build --no-cache

rollback

Perform a rollback:

$ oc rollback <deployment_name>

new-build

Create a build configuration based on the source code in the current Git repository (with a public remote) and a container image:

$ oc new-build .

Create a build configuration based on a remote git repository:

$ oc new-build https://github.com/sclorg/cakephp-ex

Create a build configuration based on a private remote git repository:

$ oc new-build https://github.com/youruser/yourprivaterepo --source-secret=yoursecret

cancel-build

Stop a build that is in progress:

$ oc cancel-build <build_name>

Cancel multiple builds at the same time:

$ oc cancel-build <build1_name> <build2_name> <build3_name>

Cancel all builds created from the build configuration:

$ oc cancel-build bc/<buildconfig_name>

Specify the builds to be canceled:

$ oc cancel-build bc/<buildconfig_name> --state=<state>

Example values for state are new or pending.

import-image

Import tag and image information from an external image repository:

$ oc import-image <image_stream>

scale

Set the number of desired replicas for a replication controller or a deployment configuration to the number of specified replicas:

$ oc scale <object_type> <object_name> --replicas=<#_of_replicas>

tag

Take an existing tag or image from an image stream, or a container image "pull spec", and set it as the most recent image for a tag in one or more other image streams:

$ oc tag <current_image> <image_stream>

Advanced Commands

create

Parse a configuration file and create one or more Azure Red Hat OpenShift objects based on the file contents. The -f flag can be passed multiple times with different file or directory paths. When the flag is passed multiple times, oc create iterates through each one, creating the objects described in all of the indicated files. Any existing resources are ignored.

$ oc create -f <file_or_dir_path>

replace

Attempt to modify an existing object based on the contents of the specified configuration file. The -f flag can be passed multiple times with different file or directory paths. When the flag is passed multiple times, oc replace iterates through each one, updating the objects described in all of the indicated files.

$ oc replace -f <file_or_dir_path>

process

Transform a project template into a project configuration file:

$ oc process -f <template_file_path>

run

Create and run a particular image, possibly replicated. By default, create a deployment configuration to manage the created container(s). You can choose to create a different resource using the --generator flag:

API Resource --generator Option

deployment configuration

deploymentconfig/v1 (default)

Pod

run-pod/v1

Replication controller

run/v1

deployment using extensions/v1beta1 endpoint

deployment/v1beta1

deployment using apps/v1beta1 endpoint

deployment/apps.v1beta1

Job

job/v1

Cron job

cronjob/v2alpha1

You can choose to run in the foreground for an interactive container execution.

$ oc run NAME --image=<image> \
    [--generator=<resource>] \
    [--port=<port>] \
    [--replicas=<replicas>] \
    [--dry-run=<bool>] \
    [--overrides=<inline_json>] \
    [options]

patch

Updates one or more fields of an object using strategic merge patch:

$ oc patch <object_type> <object_name> -p <changes>

The <changes> is a JSON or YAML expression containing the new fields and the values. For example, to update the spec.unschedulable field of the node node1 to the value true, the json expression is:

$ oc patch node node1 -p '{"spec":{"unschedulable":true}}'

policy

Manage authorization policies:

$ oc policy [--options]

secrets

Configure secrets:

$ oc secrets [--options] path/to/ssh_key

autoscale

Setup an autoscaler for your application. Requires metrics to be enabled in the cluster.

$ oc autoscale dc/<dc_name> [--options]

Troubleshooting and Debugging Operations

debug

Launch a command shell to debug a running application.

$ oc debug -h

When debugging images and setup problems, you can get an exact copy of a running pod configuration and troubleshoot with a shell. Since a failing pod may not be started and not accessible to rsh or exec, running the debug command creates a carbon copy of that setup.

The default mode is to start a shell inside of the first container of the referenced pod, replication controller, or deployment configuration. The started pod will be a copy of your source pod, with labels stripped, the command changed to /bin/sh, and readiness and liveness checks disabled. If you just want to run a command, add -- and a command to run. Passing a command will not create a TTY or send STDIN by default. Other flags are supported for altering the container or pod in common ways.

A common problem running containers is a security policy that prohibits you from running as a root user on the cluster. You can use this command to test running a pod as non-root (with --as-user) or to run a non-root pod as root (with --as-root).

The debug pod is deleted when the remote command completes or you interrupt the shell.

Usage

$ oc debug RESOURCE/NAME [ENV1=VAL1 ...] [-c CONTAINER] [options] [-- COMMAND]

Examples

To debug a currently running deployment:

$ oc debug dc/test

To test running a deployment as a non-root user:

$ oc debug dc/test --as-user=1000000

To debug a specific failing container by running the env command in the second container:

$ oc debug dc/test -c second -- /bin/env

To view the pod that would be created to debug:

$ oc debug dc/test -o yaml

logs

Retrieve the log output for a specific build, deployment, or pod. This command works for builds, build configurations, deployment configurations, and pods.

$ oc logs -f <pod> -c <container_name>

exec

Execute a command in an already-running container. You can optionally specify a container ID, otherwise it defaults to the first container.

$ oc exec <pod> [-c <container>] <command>

rsh

Open a remote shell session to a container:

$ oc rsh <pod>

rsync

Copy the contents to or from a directory in an already-running pod container. If you do not specify a container, it defaults to the first container in the pod.

To copy contents from a local directory to a directory in a pod:

$ oc rsync <local_dir> <pod>:<pod_dir> -c <container>

To copy contents from a directory in a pod to a local directory:

$ oc rsync <pod>:<pod_dir> <local_dir> -c <container>

port-forward

Forward one or more local ports to a pod:

$ oc port-forward <pod> <local_port>:<remote_port>

proxy

Run a proxy to the Kubernetes API server:

$ oc proxy --port=<port> --www=<static_directory>

For security purposes, the oc exec command does not work when accessing privileged containers except when the command is executed by a cluster-admin user. Administrators can SSH into a node host, then use the docker exec command on the desired container.

Troubleshooting oc

You can get more verbosed output from any command by increasing the loglevel using -v=X flag. By default, the loglevel is set to 0, but you can set its value from 0 to 10.

Overview of each loglevel

  • 1-5 - are usually used internally by the commands, if the author decides to provide more explanation about the flow.

  • 6 - provides basic information about HTTP traffic between the client and the server, such HTTP operation and URL.

  • 7 - provides more thorough HTTP information, such as HTTP operation, URL, request headers and response status code.

  • 8 - provides full HTTP request and response, including body.

  • 9 - provides full HTTP request and response, including body and sample curl invocation.

  • 10 - provides all possible output the command provides.