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Installing a cluster on vSphere in a restricted network
- Prerequisites
- About installations in restricted networks
- VMware vSphere infrastructure requirements
- Network connectivity requirements
- vCenter requirements
- Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
- Adding vCenter root CA certificates to your system trust
- Creating the FCOS image for restricted network installations
- Creating the installation configuration file
- Deploying the cluster
- Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
- Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
- Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
- Creating registry storage
- Steal clock accounting
- Next steps
In OKD 4.8, you can install a cluster on VMware vSphere infrastructure in a restricted network by creating an internal mirror of the installation release content.
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OKD supports deploying a cluster to a single VMware vCenter only. Deploying a cluster with machines/machine sets on multiple vCenters is not supported. |
Prerequisites
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You reviewed details about the OKD installation and update processes.
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You read the documentation on selecting a cluster installation method and preparing it for users.
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You created a registry on your mirror host and obtained the
imageContentSourcesdata for your version of OKD.Because the installation media is on the mirror host, you can use that computer to complete all installation steps.
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You provisioned persistent storage for your cluster. To deploy a private image registry, your storage must provide the ReadWriteMany access mode.
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The OKD installer requires access to port 443 on the vCenter and ESXi hosts. You verified that port 443 is accessible.
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If you use a firewall, you confirmed with the administrator that port 443 is accessible. Control plane nodes must be able to reach vCenter and ESXi hosts on port 443 for the installation to succeed.
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If you use a firewall and plan to use the Telemetry service, you configured the firewall to allow the sites that your cluster requires access to.
If you are configuring a proxy, be sure to also review this site list.
About installations in restricted networks
In OKD 4.8, you can perform an installation that does not require an active connection to the internet to obtain software components. Restricted network installations can be completed using installer-provisioned infrastructure or user-provisioned infrastructure, depending on the cloud platform to which you are installing the cluster.
If you choose to perform a restricted network installation on a cloud platform, you still require access to its cloud APIs. Some cloud functions, like Amazon Web Service’s Route 53 DNS and IAM services, require internet access. Depending on your network, you might require less internet access for an installation on bare metal hardware or on VMware vSphere.
To complete a restricted network installation, you must create a registry that mirrors the contents of the OKD registry and contains the installation media. You can create this registry on a mirror host, which can access both the internet and your closed network, or by using other methods that meet your restrictions.
Additional limits
Clusters in restricted networks have the following additional limitations and restrictions:
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The
ClusterVersionstatus includes anUnable to retrieve available updateserror. -
By default, you cannot use the contents of the Developer Catalog because you cannot access the required image stream tags.
VMware vSphere infrastructure requirements
You must install the OKD cluster on a VMware vSphere version 6 or 7 instance that meets the requirements for the components that you use.
| Component | Minimum supported versions | Description |
|---|---|---|
Hypervisor |
vSphere 6.5 and later with HW version 13 |
This version is the minimum version that Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) supports. See the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 supported hypervisors list. |
Storage with in-tree drivers |
vSphere 6.5 and later |
This plugin creates vSphere storage by using the in-tree storage drivers for vSphere included in OKD. |
Optional: Networking (NSX-T) |
vSphere 6.5U3 or vSphere 6.7U2 and later |
vSphere 6.5U3 or vSphere 6.7U2+ are required for OKD. VMware’s NSX Container Plugin (NCP) is certified with OKD 4.6 and NSX-T 3.x+. |
If you use a vSphere version 6.5 instance, consider upgrading to 6.7U3 or 7.0 before you install OKD.
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You must ensure that the time on your ESXi hosts is synchronized before you install OKD. See Edit Time Configuration for a Host in the VMware documentation. |
Network connectivity requirements
You must configure the network connectivity between machines to allow OKD cluster components to communicate.
Review the following details about the required network ports.
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
N/A |
Network reachability tests |
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TCP |
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Metrics |
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Host level services, including the node exporter on ports |
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The default ports that Kubernetes reserves |
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openshift-sdn |
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UDP |
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virtual extensible LAN (VXLAN) |
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Geneve |
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Host level services, including the node exporter on ports |
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IPsec IKE packets |
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IPsec NAT-T packets |
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TCP/UDP |
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Kubernetes node port |
ESP |
N/A |
IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
TCP |
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Kubernetes API |
| Protocol | Port | Description |
|---|---|---|
TCP |
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etcd server and peer ports |
vCenter requirements
Before you install an OKD cluster on your vCenter that uses infrastructure that the installer provisions, you must prepare your environment.
Required vCenter account privileges
To install an OKD cluster in a vCenter, the installation program requires access to an account with privileges to read and create the required resources. Using an account that has global administrative privileges is the simplest way to access all of the necessary permissions.
If you cannot use an account with global administrative privileges, you must create roles to grant the privileges necessary for OKD cluster installation. While most of the privileges are always required, some are required only if you plan for the installation program to provision a folder to contain the OKD cluster on your vCenter instance, which is the default behavior. You must create or amend vSphere roles for the specified objects to grant the required privileges.
An additional role is required if the installation program is to create a vSphere virtual machine folder.
Roles and privileges required for installation in vSphere API
| vSphere object for role | When required | Required privileges in vSphere API |
|---|---|---|
vSphere vCenter |
Always |
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vSphere vCenter Cluster |
Always |
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vSphere Datastore |
Always |
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vSphere Port Group |
Always |
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Virtual Machine Folder |
Always |
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vSphere vCenter Datacenter |
If the installation program creates the virtual machine folder |
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Roles and privileges required for installation in vCenter graphical user interface (GUI)
| vSphere object for role | When required | Required privileges in vCenter GUI |
|---|---|---|
vSphere vCenter |
Always |
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vSphere vCenter Cluster |
If VMs will be created in the cluster root |
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vSphere vCenter Resource Pool |
If an existing resource pool is provided |
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vSphere Datastore |
Always |
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vSphere Port Group |
Always |
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Virtual Machine Folder |
Always |
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vSphere vCenter Datacenter |
If the installation program creates the virtual machine folder |
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Additionally, the user requires some ReadOnly permissions, and some of the roles require permission to propogate the permissions to child objects. These settings vary depending on whether or not you install the cluster into an existing folder.
Required permissions and propagation settings
| vSphere object | Folder type | Propagate to children | Permissions required |
|---|---|---|---|
vSphere vCenter |
Always |
False |
Listed required privileges |
vSphere vCenter Datacenter |
Existing folder |
False |
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Installation program creates the folder |
True |
Listed required privileges |
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vSphere vCenter Cluster |
Always |
True |
Listed required privileges |
vSphere vCenter Datastore |
Always |
False |
Listed required privileges |
vSphere Switch |
Always |
False |
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vSphere Port Group |
Always |
False |
Listed required privileges |
vSphere vCenter Virtual Machine Folder |
Existing folder |
True |
Listed required privileges |
For more information about creating an account with only the required privileges, see vSphere Permissions and User Management Tasks in the vSphere documentation.
Using OKD with vMotion
If you intend on using vMotion in your vSphere environment, consider the following before installing a OKD cluster.
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OKD generally supports compute-only vMotion. Using Storage vMotion can cause issues and is not supported.
To help ensure the uptime of your compute and control plane nodes, it is recommended that you follow the VMware best practices for vMotion. It is also recommended to use VMware anti-affinity rules to improve the availability of OKD during maintenance or hardware issues.
For more information about vMotion and anti-affinity rules, see the VMware vSphere documentation for vMotion networking requirements and VM anti-affinity rules.
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If you are using vSphere volumes in your pods, migrating a VM across datastores either manually or through Storage vMotion causes, invalid references within OKD persistent volume (PV) objects. These references prevent affected pods from starting up and can result in data loss.
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Similarly, OKD does not support selective migration of VMDKs across datastores, using datastore clusters for VM provisioning or for dynamic or static provisioning of PVs, or using a datastore that is part of a datastore cluster for dynamic or static provisioning of PVs.
Cluster resources
When you deploy an OKD cluster that uses installer-provisioned infrastructure, the installation program must be able to create several resources in your vCenter instance.
A standard OKD installation creates the following vCenter resources:
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1 Folder
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1 Tag category
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1 Tag
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Virtual machines:
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1 template
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1 temporary bootstrap node
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3 control plane nodes
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3 compute machines
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Although these resources use 856 GB of storage, the bootstrap node is destroyed during the cluster installation process. A minimum of 800 GB of storage is required to use a standard cluster.
If you deploy more compute machines, the OKD cluster will use more storage.
Cluster limits
Available resources vary between clusters. The number of possible clusters within a vCenter is limited primarily by available storage space and any limitations on the number of required resources. Be sure to consider both limitations to the vCenter resources that the cluster creates and the resources that you require to deploy a cluster, such as IP addresses and networks.
Networking requirements
You must use DHCP for the network and ensure that the DHCP server is configured to provide persistent IP addresses to the cluster machines. All nodes must be in the same VLAN. You cannot scale the cluster using a second VLAN as a Day 2 operation. The VM in your restricted network must have access to vCenter so that it can provision and manage nodes, persistent volume claims (PVCs), and other resources. Additionally, you must create the following networking resources before you install the OKD cluster:
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It is recommended that each OKD node in the cluster must have access to a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server that is discoverable via DHCP. Installation is possible without an NTP server. However, asynchronous server clocks will cause errors, which NTP server prevents. |
Required IP Addresses
An installer-provisioned vSphere installation requires two static IP addresses:
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The API address is used to access the cluster API.
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The ingress address is used for cluster ingress traffic.
You must provide these IP addresses to the installation program when you install the OKD cluster.
DNS records
You must create DNS records for two static IP addresses in the appropriate DNS server for the vCenter instance that hosts your OKD cluster. In each record, <cluster_name> is the cluster name and <base_domain> is the cluster base domain that you specify when you install the cluster. A complete DNS record takes the form: <component>.<cluster_name>.<base_domain>..
| Component | Record | Description |
|---|---|---|
API VIP |
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This DNS A/AAAA or CNAME record must point to the load balancer for the control plane machines. This record must be resolvable by both clients external to the cluster and from all the nodes within the cluster. |
ingress VIP |
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A wildcard DNS A/AAAA or CNAME record that points to the load balancer that targets the machines that run the ingress router pods, which are the worker nodes by default. This record must be resolvable by both clients external to the cluster and from all the nodes within the cluster. |
Generating a key pair for cluster node SSH access
During an OKD installation, you can provide an SSH public key to the installation program. The key is passed to the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) nodes through their Ignition config files and is used to authenticate SSH access to the nodes. The key is added to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys list for the core user on each node, which enables password-less authentication.
After the key is passed to the nodes, you can use the key pair to SSH in to the FCOS nodes as the user core. To access the nodes through SSH, the private key identity must be managed by SSH for your local user.
If you want to SSH in to your cluster nodes to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, you must provide the SSH public key during the installation process. The ./openshift-install gather command also requires the SSH public key to be in place on the cluster nodes.
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Do not skip this procedure in production environments, where disaster recovery and debugging is required. |
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You must use a local key, not one that you configured with platform-specific approaches such as AWS key pairs. |
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On clusters running Fedora CoreOS (FCOS), the SSH keys specified in the Ignition config files are written to the |
Procedure
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If you do not have an existing SSH key pair on your local machine to use for authentication onto your cluster nodes, create one. For example, on a computer that uses a Linux operating system, run the following command:
$ ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -N '' -f <path>/<file_name> (1)1 Specify the path and file name, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519, of the new SSH key. If you have an existing key pair, ensure your public key is in the your~/.sshdirectory.If you plan to install an OKD cluster that uses FIPS Validated / Modules in Process cryptographic libraries on the
x86_64architecture, do not create a key that uses theed25519algorithm. Instead, create a key that uses thersaorecdsaalgorithm. -
View the public SSH key:
$ cat <path>/<file_name>.pubFor example, run the following to view the
~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pubpublic key:$ cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub -
Add the SSH private key identity to the SSH agent for your local user, if it has not already been added. SSH agent management of the key is required for password-less SSH authentication onto your cluster nodes, or if you want to use the
./openshift-install gathercommand.On some distributions, default SSH private key identities such as
~/.ssh/id_rsaand~/.ssh/id_dsaare managed automatically.-
If the
ssh-agentprocess is not already running for your local user, start it as a background task:$ eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"Example outputAgent pid 31874If your cluster is in FIPS mode, only use FIPS-compliant algorithms to generate the SSH key. The key must be either RSA or ECDSA.
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Add your SSH private key to the
ssh-agent:$ ssh-add <path>/<file_name> (1)1 Specify the path and file name for your SSH private key, such as ~/.ssh/id_ed25519Example outputIdentity added: /home/<you>/<path>/<file_name> (<computer_name>)
Next steps
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When you install OKD, provide the SSH public key to the installation program.
Adding vCenter root CA certificates to your system trust
Because the installation program requires access to your vCenter’s API, you must add your vCenter’s trusted root CA certificates to your system trust before you install an OKD cluster.
Procedure
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From the vCenter home page, download the vCenter’s root CA certificates. Click Download trusted root CA certificates in the vSphere Web Services SDK section. The
<vCenter>/certs/download.zipfile downloads. -
Extract the compressed file that contains the vCenter root CA certificates. The contents of the compressed file resemble the following file structure:
certs ├── lin │ ├── 108f4d17.0 │ ├── 108f4d17.r1 │ ├── 7e757f6a.0 │ ├── 8e4f8471.0 │ └── 8e4f8471.r0 ├── mac │ ├── 108f4d17.0 │ ├── 108f4d17.r1 │ ├── 7e757f6a.0 │ ├── 8e4f8471.0 │ └── 8e4f8471.r0 └── win ├── 108f4d17.0.crt ├── 108f4d17.r1.crl ├── 7e757f6a.0.crt ├── 8e4f8471.0.crt └── 8e4f8471.r0.crl 3 directories, 15 files -
Add the files for your operating system to the system trust. For example, on a Fedora operating system, run the following command:
# cp certs/lin/* /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors -
Update your system trust. For example, on a Fedora operating system, run the following command:
# update-ca-trust extract
Creating the FCOS image for restricted network installations
Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image to install OKD on a restricted network VMware vSphere environment.
Prerequisites
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Obtain the OKD installation program. For a restricted network installation, the program is on your mirror registry host.
Procedure
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Log in to the Red Hat Customer Portal’s Product Downloads page.
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Under Version, select the most recent release of OKD 4.8 for RHEL 8.
The FCOS images might not change with every release of OKD. You must download images with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OKD version that you install. Use the image versions that match your OKD version if they are available.
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Download the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) - vSphere image.
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Upload the image you downloaded to a location that is accessible from the bastion server.
The image is now available for a restricted installation. Note the image name or location for use in OKD deployment.
Creating the installation configuration file
You can customize the OKD cluster you install on VMware vSphere.
Prerequisites
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Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster. For a restricted network installation, these files are on your mirror host.
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Have the
imageContentSourcesvalues that were generated during mirror registry creation. -
Obtain the contents of the certificate for your mirror registry.
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Retrieve a Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image and upload it to an accessible location.
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Obtain service principal permissions at the subscription level.
Procedure
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Create the
install-config.yamlfile.-
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and run the following command:
$ ./openshift-install create install-config --dir <installation_directory> (1)1 For <installation_directory>, specify the directory name to store the files that the installation program creates.Specify an empty directory. Some installation assets, like bootstrap X.509 certificates have short expiration intervals, so you must not reuse an installation directory. If you want to reuse individual files from another cluster installation, you can copy them into your directory. However, the file names for the installation assets might change between releases. Use caution when copying installation files from an earlier OKD version.
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At the prompts, provide the configuration details for your cloud:
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Optional: Select an SSH key to use to access your cluster machines.
For production OKD clusters on which you want to perform installation debugging or disaster recovery, specify an SSH key that your
ssh-agentprocess uses. -
Select vsphere as the platform to target.
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Specify the name of your vCenter instance.
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Specify the user name and password for the vCenter account that has the required permissions to create the cluster.
The installation program connects to your vCenter instance.
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Select the datacenter in your vCenter instance to connect to.
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Select the default vCenter datastore to use.
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Select the vCenter cluster to install the OKD cluster in. The installation program uses the root resource pool of the vSphere cluster as the default resource pool.
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Select the network in the vCenter instance that contains the virtual IP addresses and DNS records that you configured.
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Enter the virtual IP address that you configured for control plane API access.
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Enter the virtual IP address that you configured for cluster ingress.
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Enter the base domain. This base domain must be the same one that you used in the DNS records that you configured.
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Enter a descriptive name for your cluster. The cluster name must be the same one that you used in the DNS records that you configured.
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Paste the pull secret from the Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager. This field is optional.
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In the
install-config.yamlfile, set the value ofplatform.vsphere.clusterOSImageto the image location or name. For example:platform: vsphere: clusterOSImage: http://mirror.example.com/images/rhcos-43.81.201912131630.0-vmware.x86_64.ova?sha256=ffebbd68e8a1f2a245ca19522c16c86f67f9ac8e4e0c1f0a812b068b16f7265d -
Edit the
install-config.yamlfile to provide the additional information that is required for an installation in a restricted network.-
Update the
pullSecretvalue to contain the authentication information for your registry:pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<mirror_host_name>:5000": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}'For
<mirror_host_name>, specify the registry domain name that you specified in the certificate for your mirror registry, and for<credentials>, specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. -
Add the
additionalTrustBundleparameter and value.additionalTrustBundle: | -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ -----END CERTIFICATE-----The value must be the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry, which can be an existing, trusted certificate authority or the self-signed certificate that you generated for the mirror registry.
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Add the image content resources, which look like this excerpt:
imageContentSources: - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: quay.example.com/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release - mirrors: - <mirror_host_name>:5000/<repo_name>/release source: registry.example.com/ocp/releaseTo complete these values, use the
imageContentSourcesthat you recorded during mirror registry creation.
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Make any other modifications to the
install-config.yamlfile that you require. You can find more information about the available parameters in the Installation configuration parameters section. -
Back up the
install-config.yamlfile so that you can use it to install multiple clusters.The
install-config.yamlfile is consumed during the installation process. If you want to reuse the file, you must back it up now.
Installation configuration parameters
Before you deploy an OKD cluster, you provide parameter values to describe your account on the cloud platform that hosts your cluster and optionally customize your cluster’s platform. When you create the install-config.yaml installation configuration file, you provide values for the required parameters through the command line. If you customize your cluster, you can modify the install-config.yaml file to provide more details about the platform.
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After installation, you cannot modify these parameters in the |
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The |
Required configuration parameters
Required installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
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The API version for the |
String |
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The base domain of your cloud provider. The base domain is used to create routes to your OKD cluster components. The full DNS name for your cluster is a combination of the |
A fully-qualified domain or subdomain name, such as |
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Kubernetes resource |
Object |
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The name of the cluster. DNS records for the cluster are all subdomains of |
String of lowercase letters and hyphens ( |
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The configuration for the specific platform upon which to perform the installation: |
Object |
Network configuration parameters
You can customize your installation configuration based on the requirements of your existing network infrastructure. For example, you can expand the IP address block for the cluster network or provide different IP address blocks than the defaults.
Only IPv4 addresses are supported.
| Parameter | Description | Values | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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The configuration for the cluster network. |
Object
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The cluster network provider Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin to install. |
Either |
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The IP address blocks for pods. The default value is If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example: |
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Required if you use An IPv4 network. |
An IP address block in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation.
The prefix length for an IPv4 block is between |
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The subnet prefix length to assign to each individual node. For example, if |
A subnet prefix. The default value is |
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The IP address block for services. The default value is The OpenShift SDN and OVN-Kubernetes network providers support only a single IP address block for the service network. |
An array with an IP address block in CIDR format. For example: |
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The IP address blocks for machines. If you specify multiple IP address blocks, the blocks must not overlap. |
An array of objects. For example: |
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Required if you use |
An IP network block in CIDR notation. For example,
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Optional configuration parameters
Optional installation configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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A PEM-encoded X.509 certificate bundle that is added to the nodes' trusted certificate store. This trust bundle may also be used when a proxy has been configured. |
String |
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The configuration for the machines that comprise the compute nodes. |
Array of |
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Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heteregeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |
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Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
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Required if you use |
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Required if you use |
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The number of compute machines, which are also known as worker machines, to provision. |
A positive integer greater than or equal to |
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The configuration for the machines that comprise the control plane. |
Array of |
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Determines the instruction set architecture of the machines in the pool. Currently, heterogeneous clusters are not supported, so all pools must specify the same architecture. Valid values are |
String |
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Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
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Required if you use |
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Required if you use |
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The number of control plane machines to provision. |
The only supported value is |
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The Cloud Credential Operator (CCO) mode. If no mode is specified, the CCO dynamically tries to determine the capabilities of the provided credentials, with a preference for mint mode on the platforms where multiple modes are supported.
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Sources and repositories for the release-image content. |
Array of objects. Includes a |
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Required if you use |
String |
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Specify one or more repositories that may also contain the same images. |
Array of strings |
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How to publish or expose the user-facing endpoints of your cluster, such as the Kubernetes API, OpenShift routes. |
Setting this field to |
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The SSH key or keys to authenticate access your cluster machines.
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One or more keys. For example: |
Additional VMware vSphere configuration parameters
Additional VMware vSphere configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
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The fully-qualified hostname or IP address of the vCenter server. |
String |
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The user name to use to connect to the vCenter instance with. This user must have at least the roles and privileges that are required for static or dynamic persistent volume provisioning in vSphere. |
String |
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The password for the vCenter user name. |
String |
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The name of the datacenter to use in the vCenter instance. |
String |
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The name of the default datastore to use for provisioning volumes. |
String |
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Optional. The absolute path of an existing folder where the installation program creates the virtual machines. If you do not provide this value, the installation program creates a folder that is named with the infrastructure ID in the datacenter virtual machine folder. |
String, for example, |
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The network in the vCenter instance that contains the virtual IP addresses and DNS records that you configured. |
String |
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The vCenter cluster to install the OKD cluster in. |
String |
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The virtual IP (VIP) address that you configured for control plane API access. |
An IP address, for example |
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The virtual IP (VIP) address that you configured for cluster ingress. |
An IP address, for example |
Optional VMware vSphere machine pool configuration parameters
Optional VMware vSphere machine pool configuration parameters are described in the following table:
| Parameter | Description | Values |
|---|---|---|
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The location from which the installer downloads the FCOS image. You must set this parameter to perform an installation in a restricted network. |
An HTTP or HTTPS URL, optionally with a SHA-256 checksum. For example, |
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The size of the disk in gigabytes. |
Integer |
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The total number of virtual processor cores to assign a virtual machine. |
Integer |
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The number of cores per socket in a virtual machine. The number of virtual sockets on the virtual machine is |
Integer |
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The size of a virtual machine’s memory in megabytes. |
Integer |
Sample install-config.yaml file for an installer-provisioned VMware vSphere cluster
You can customize the install-config.yaml file to specify more details about your OKD cluster’s platform or modify the values of the required parameters.
apiVersion: v1
baseDomain: example.com (1)
compute: (2)
- hyperthreading: Enabled (3)
name: worker
replicas: 3
platform:
vsphere: (4)
cpus: 2
coresPerSocket: 2
memoryMB: 8192
osDisk:
diskSizeGB: 120
controlPlane: (2)
hyperthreading: Enabled (3)
name: master
replicas: 3
platform:
vsphere: (4)
cpus: 4
coresPerSocket: 2
memoryMB: 16384
osDisk:
diskSizeGB: 120
metadata:
name: cluster (5)
platform:
vsphere:
vcenter: your.vcenter.server
username: username
password: password
datacenter: datacenter
defaultDatastore: datastore
folder: folder
network: VM_Network
cluster: vsphere_cluster_name (6)
apiVIP: api_vip
ingressVIP: ingress_vip
clusterOSImage: http://mirror.example.com/images/rhcos-48.83.202103221318-0-vmware.x86_64.ova (7)
pullSecret: '{"auths":{"<local_registry>": {"auth": "<credentials>","email": "you@example.com"}}}' (8)
sshKey: 'ssh-ed25519 AAAA...'
additionalTrustBundle: | (9)
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
imageContentSources: (10)
- mirrors:
- <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-release
- mirrors:
- <local_registry>/<local_repository_name>/release
source: quay.io/openshift-release-dev/ocp-v4.0-art-dev| 1 | The base domain of the cluster. All DNS records must be sub-domains of this base and include the cluster name. | ||
| 2 | The controlPlane section is a single mapping, but the compute section is a sequence of mappings. To meet the requirements of the different data structures, the first line of the compute section must begin with a hyphen, -, and the first line of the controlPlane section must not. Only one control plane pool is used. |
||
| 3 | Whether to enable or disable simultaneous multithreading, or
hyperthreading. By default, simultaneous multithreading is enabled
to increase the performance of your machines' cores. You can disable it by
setting the parameter value to Disabled. If you disable simultaneous
multithreading in some cluster machines, you must disable it in all cluster
machines.
|
||
| 4 | Optional: Provide additional configuration for the machine pool parameters for the compute and control plane machines. | ||
| 5 | The cluster name that you specified in your DNS records. | ||
| 6 | The vSphere cluster to install the OKD cluster in. The installation program uses the root resource pool of the vSphere cluster as the default resource pool. | ||
| 7 | The location of the Fedora CoreOS (FCOS) image that is accessible from the bastion server. | ||
| 8 | For <local_registry>, specify the registry domain name, and optionally the
port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example
registry.example.com or registry.example.com:5000. For <credentials>,
specify the base64-encoded user name and password for your mirror registry. |
||
| 9 | Provide the contents of the certificate file that you used for your mirror registry. | ||
| 10 | Provide the imageContentSources section from the output of the command to mirror the repository. |
Configuring the cluster-wide proxy during installation
Production environments can deny direct access to the internet and instead have
an HTTP or HTTPS proxy available. You can configure a new OKD
cluster to use a proxy by configuring the proxy settings in the
install-config.yaml file.
Prerequisites
-
You have an existing
install-config.yamlfile. -
You reviewed the sites that your cluster requires access to and determined whether any of them need to bypass the proxy. By default, all cluster egress traffic is proxied, including calls to hosting cloud provider APIs. You added sites to the
Proxyobject’sspec.noProxyfield to bypass the proxy if necessary.The
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is populated with the values of thenetworking.machineNetwork[].cidr,networking.clusterNetwork[].cidr, andnetworking.serviceNetwork[]fields from your installation configuration.For installations on Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenStack Platform (RHOSP), the
Proxyobjectstatus.noProxyfield is also populated with the instance metadata endpoint (169.254.169.254).
Procedure
-
Edit your
install-config.yamlfile and add the proxy settings. For example:apiVersion: v1 baseDomain: my.domain.com proxy: httpProxy: http://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (1) httpsProxy: https://<username>:<pswd>@<ip>:<port> (2) noProxy: example.com (3) additionalTrustBundle: | (4) -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- <MY_TRUSTED_CA_CERT> -----END CERTIFICATE----- ...1 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTP connections outside the cluster. The URL scheme must be http.2 A proxy URL to use for creating HTTPS connections outside the cluster. 3 A comma-separated list of destination domain names, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude from proxying. Preface a domain with .to match subdomains only. For example,.y.commatchesx.y.com, but noty.com. Use*to bypass the proxy for all destinations. You must include vCenter’s IP address and the IP range that you use for its machines.4 If provided, the installation program generates a config map that is named user-ca-bundlein theopenshift-confignamespace to hold the additional CA certificates. If you provideadditionalTrustBundleand at least one proxy setting, theProxyobject is configured to reference theuser-ca-bundleconfig map in thetrustedCAfield. The Cluster Network Operator then creates atrusted-ca-bundleconfig map that merges the contents specified for thetrustedCAparameter with the FCOS trust bundle. TheadditionalTrustBundlefield is required unless the proxy’s identity certificate is signed by an authority from the FCOS trust bundle.The installation program does not support the proxy
readinessEndpointsfield. -
Save the file and reference it when installing OKD.
The installation program creates a cluster-wide proxy that is named cluster that uses the proxy
settings in the provided install-config.yaml file. If no proxy settings are
provided, a cluster Proxy object is still created, but it will have a nil
spec.
|
Only the |
Deploying the cluster
You can install OKD on a compatible cloud platform.
|
You can run the |
Prerequisites
-
Obtain the OKD installation program and the pull secret for your cluster.
Procedure
-
Change to the directory that contains the installation program and initialize the cluster deployment:
$ ./openshift-install create cluster --dir <installation_directory> \ (1) --log-level=info (2)1 For <installation_directory>, specify the location of your customized./install-config.yamlfile.2 To view different installation details, specify warn,debug, orerrorinstead ofinfo.When the cluster deployment completes, directions for accessing your cluster, including a link to its web console and credentials for the
kubeadminuser, display in your terminal.
... INFO Install complete! INFO To access the cluster as the system:admin user when using 'oc', run 'export KUBECONFIG=/home/myuser/install_dir/auth/kubeconfig' INFO Access the OpenShift web-console here: https://console-openshift-console.apps.mycluster.example.com INFO Login to the console with user: "kubeadmin", and password: "4vYBz-Ee6gm-ymBZj-Wt5AL" INFO Time elapsed: 36m22s
+
|
The cluster access and credential information also outputs to |
+
|
+
|
You must not delete the installation program or the files that the installation program creates. Both are required to delete the cluster. |
Installing the OpenShift CLI by downloading the binary
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OKD from a
command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.
|
If you installed an earlier version of |
Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.
Procedure
-
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
-
Download
oc.tar.gz. -
Unpack the archive:
$ tar xvzf <file> -
Place the
ocbinary in a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
$ oc <command>Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.
Procedure
-
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
-
Download
oc.zip. -
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
-
Move the
ocbinary to a directory that is on yourPATH.To check your
PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:C:\> path
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
C:\> oc <command>Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS
You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.
Procedure
-
Navigate to https://mirror.openshift.com/pub/openshift-v4/clients/oc/latest/ and choose the folder for your operating system and architecture.
-
Download
oc.tar.gz. -
Unpack and unzip the archive.
-
Move the
ocbinary to a directory on your PATH.To check your
PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:$ echo $PATH
After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
$ oc <command>Logging in to the cluster by using the CLI
You can log in to your cluster as a default system user by exporting the cluster kubeconfig file.
The kubeconfig file contains information about the cluster that is used by the CLI to connect a client to the correct cluster and API server.
The file is specific to a cluster and is created during OKD installation.
Prerequisites
-
You deployed an OKD cluster.
-
You installed the
ocCLI.
Procedure
-
Export the
kubeadmincredentials:$ export KUBECONFIG=<installation_directory>/auth/kubeconfig (1)1 For <installation_directory>, specify the path to the directory that you stored the installation files in. -
Verify you can run
occommands successfully using the exported configuration:$ oc whoamiExample outputsystem:admin
Disabling the default OperatorHub sources
Operator catalogs that source content provided by Red Hat and community projects are configured for OperatorHub by default during an OKD installation. In a restricted network environment, you must disable the default catalogs as a cluster administrator.
Procedure
-
Disable the sources for the default catalogs by adding
disableAllDefaultSources: trueto theOperatorHubobject:$ oc patch OperatorHub cluster --type json \ -p '[{"op": "add", "path": "/spec/disableAllDefaultSources", "value": true}]'
|
Alternatively, you can use the web console to manage catalog sources. From the Administration → Cluster Settings → Global Configuration → OperatorHub page, click the Sources tab, where you can create, delete, disable, and enable individual sources. |
Creating registry storage
After you install the cluster, you must create storage for the Registry Operator.
Image registry removed during installation
On platforms that do not provide shareable object storage, the OpenShift Image
Registry Operator bootstraps itself as Removed. This allows
openshift-installer to complete installations on these platform types.
After installation, you must edit the Image Registry Operator configuration to
switch the managementState from Removed to Managed.
|
The Prometheus console provides an "Image Registry has been removed. |
Image registry storage configuration
The Image Registry Operator is not initially available for platforms that do not provide default storage. After installation, you must configure your registry to use storage so that the Registry Operator is made available.
Instructions are shown for configuring a persistent volume, which is required for production clusters. Where applicable, instructions are shown for configuring an empty directory as the storage location, which is available for only non-production clusters.
Additional instructions are provided for allowing the image registry to use block storage types by using the Recreate rollout strategy during upgrades.
Configuring registry storage for VMware vSphere
As a cluster administrator, following installation you must configure your registry to use storage.
Prerequisites
-
Cluster administrator permissions.
-
A cluster on VMware vSphere.
-
Persistent storage provisioned for your cluster, such as Red Hat OpenShift Container Storage.
OKD supports
ReadWriteOnceaccess for image registry storage when you have only one replica.ReadWriteOnceaccess also requires that the registry uses theRecreaterollout strategy. To deploy an image registry that supports high availability with two or more replicas,ReadWriteManyaccess is required. -
Must have "100Gi" capacity.
|
Testing shows issues with using the NFS server on RHEL as storage backend for core services. This includes the OpenShift Container Registry and Quay, Prometheus for monitoring storage, and Elasticsearch for logging storage. Therefore, using RHEL NFS to back PVs used by core services is not recommended. Other NFS implementations on the marketplace might not have these issues. Contact the individual NFS implementation vendor for more information on any testing that was possibly completed against these OKD core components. |
Procedure
-
To configure your registry to use storage, change the
spec.storage.pvcin theconfigs.imageregistry/clusterresource.When using shared storage, review your security settings to prevent outside access.
-
Verify that you do not have a registry pod:
$ oc get pod -n openshift-image-registry -l docker-registry=defaultExample outputNo resourses found in openshift-image-registry namespaceIf you do have a registry pod in your output, you do not need to continue with this procedure.
-
Check the registry configuration:
$ oc edit configs.imageregistry.operator.openshift.ioExample outputstorage: pvc: claim: (1)1 Leave the claimfield blank to allow the automatic creation of animage-registry-storagepersistent volume claim (PVC). The PVC is generated based on the default storage class. However, be aware that the default storage class might provide ReadWriteOnce (RWO) volumes, such as a RADOS Block Device (RBD), which can cause issues when replicating to more than one replica. -
Check the
clusteroperatorstatus:$ oc get clusteroperator image-registryExample outputNAME VERSION AVAILABLE PROGRESSING DEGRADED SINCE MESSAGE image-registry 4.7 True False False 6h50m
Steal clock accounting
By default, the installation program provisions the cluster’s virtual machines without enabling the steal clock accounting parameter (stealclock.enabled). Enabling steal clock accounting can help with troubleshooting cluster issues. After the cluster is deployed, use the vSphere Client to enable this parameter on each of the virtual machines.
For more information, see this Red Hat knowledge base article.
Additional resources
-
See About remote health monitoring for more information about the Telemetry service
Next steps
-
If necessary, you can opt out of remote health reporting.