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Other API Objects - Additional Concepts | Architecture | Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3
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Other API Objects

Important

Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 will be retired 30 June 2022. Support for creation of new Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 clusters continues through 30 November 2020. Following retirement, remaining Azure Red Hat OpenShift 3.11 clusters will be shut down to prevent security vulnerabilities.

Follow this guide to create an Azure Red Hat OpenShift 4 cluster. If you have specific questions, please contact us

LimitRange

A limit range provides a mechanism to enforce min/max limits placed on resources in a Kubernetes namespace.

By adding a limit range to your namespace, you can enforce the minimum and maximum amount of CPU and Memory consumed by an individual pod or container.

For CPU and Memory limits, if you specify a max value, but do not specify a min limit in the LimitRange object, the resource can consume CPU/memory resources greater than max value`.

ResourceQuota

Kubernetes can limit both the number of objects created in a namespace, and the total amount of resources requested across objects in a namespace. This facilitates sharing of a single Kubernetes cluster by several teams, each in a namespace, as a mechanism of preventing one team from starving another team of cluster resources.

Resource

A Kubernetes Resource is something that can be requested by, allocated to, or consumed by a pod or container. Examples include memory (RAM), CPU, disk-time, and network bandwidth.

See the Developer Guidefor more information.

Secret

secrets are storage for sensitive information, such as keys, passwords, and certificates. They are accessible by the intended pod(s), but held separately from their definitions.

PersistentVolume

A persistent volume is an object (PersistentVolume) in the infrastructure provisioned by the cluster administrator. Persistent volumes provide durable storage for stateful applications.

PersistentVolumeClaim

A PersistentVolumeClaim object is a request for storage by a pod author. Kubernetes matches the claim against the pool of available volumes and binds them together. The claim is then used as a volume by a pod. Kubernetes makes sure the volume is available on the same node as the pod that requires it.

Custom Resources

A custom resource is an extension of the Kubernetes API that extends the API or allows you to introduce your own API into a project or a cluster.

OAuth Objects

OAuthClient

An OAuthClient represents an OAuth client, as described in RFC 6749, section 2.

The following OAuthClient objects are automatically created:

openshift-web-console

Client used to request tokens for the web console
openshift-browser-client

Client used to request tokens at /oauth/token/request with a user-agent that can handle interactive logins
openshift-challenging-client

Client used to request tokens with a user-agent that can handle WWW-Authenticate challenges
OAuthClient Object Definition
kind: "OAuthClient"
accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds: null (1)
apiVersion: "oauth.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "openshift-web-console" (2)
  selflink: "/oapi/v1/oAuthClients/openshift-web-console"
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01Z"
respondWithChallenges: false (3)
secret: "45e27750-a8aa-11e4-b2ea-3c970e4b7ffe" (4)
redirectURIs:
  - "https://localhost:8443" (5)
1 The lifetime of access tokens in seconds (see the description below).
2 The name is used as the client_id parameter in OAuth requests.
3 When respondWithChallenges is set to true, unauthenticated requests to /oauth/authorize will result in WWW-Authenticate challenges, if supported by the configured authentication methods.
4 The value in the secret parameter is used as the client_secret parameter in an authorization code flow.
5 One or more absolute URIs can be placed in the redirectURIs section. The redirect_uri parameter sent with authorization requests must be prefixed by one of the specified redirectURIs.

The accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds value overrides the default accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds value in the master configuration file for individual OAuth clients. Setting this value for a client allows long-lived access tokens for that client without affecting the lifetime of other clients.

  • If null, the default value in the master configuration file is used.

  • If set to 0, the token will not expire.

  • If set to a value greater than 0, tokens issued for that client are given the specified expiration time. For example, accessTokenMaxAgeSeconds: 172800 would cause the token to expire 48 hours after being issued.

OAuthClientAuthorization

An OAuthClientAuthorization represents an approval by a User for a particular OAuthClient to be given an OAuthAccessToken with particular scopes.

Creation of OAuthClientAuthorization objects is done during an authorization request to the OAuth server.

OAuthClientAuthorization Object Definition
kind: "OAuthClientAuthorization"
apiVersion: "oauth.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "bob:openshift-web-console"
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01-00:00"
clientName: "openshift-web-console"
userName: "bob"
userUID: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
scopes: []

OAuthAuthorizeToken

An OAuthAuthorizeToken represents an OAuth authorization code, as described in RFC 6749, section 1.3.1.

An OAuthAuthorizeToken is created by a request to the /oauth/authorize endpoint, as described in RFC 6749, section 4.1.1.

An OAuthAuthorizeToken can then be used to obtain an OAuthAccessToken with a request to the /oauth/token endpoint, as described in RFC 6749, section 4.1.3.

OAuthAuthorizeToken Object Definition
kind: "OAuthAuthorizeToken"
apiVersion: "oauth.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "MDAwYjM5YjMtMzM1MC00NDY4LTkxODItOTA2OTE2YzE0M2Fj" (1)
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01-00:00"
clientName: "openshift-web-console" (2)
expiresIn: 300 (3)
scopes: []
redirectURI: "https://localhost:8443/console/oauth" (4)
userName: "bob" (5)
userUID: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe" (6)
1 name represents the token name, used as an authorization code to exchange for an OAuthAccessToken.
2 The clientName value is the OAuthClient that requested this token.
3 The expiresIn value is the expiration in seconds from the creationTimestamp.
4 The redirectURI value is the location where the user was redirected to during the authorization flow that resulted in this token.
5 userName represents the name of the User this token allows obtaining an OAuthAccessToken for.
6 userUID represents the UID of the User this token allows obtaining an OAuthAccessToken for.

OAuthAccessToken

An OAuthAccessToken represents an OAuth access token, as described in RFC 6749, section 1.4.

An OAuthAccessToken is created by a request to the /oauth/token endpoint, as described in RFC 6749, section 4.1.3.

Access tokens are used as bearer tokens to authenticate to the API.

OAuthAccessToken Object Definition
kind: "OAuthAccessToken"
apiVersion: "oauth.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "ODliOGE5ZmMtYzczYi00Nzk1LTg4MGEtNzQyZmUxZmUwY2Vh" (1)
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:02-00:00"
clientName: "openshift-web-console" (2)
expiresIn: 86400 (3)
scopes: []
redirectURI: "https://localhost:8443/console/oauth" (4)
userName: "bob" (5)
userUID: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe" (6)
authorizeToken: "MDAwYjM5YjMtMzM1MC00NDY4LTkxODItOTA2OTE2YzE0M2Fj" (7)
1 name is the token name, which is used as a bearer token to authenticate to the API.
2 The clientName value is the OAuthClient that requested this token.
3 The expiresIn value is the expiration in seconds from the creationTimestamp.
4 The redirectURI is where the user was redirected to during the authorization flow that resulted in this token.
5 userName represents the User this token allows authentication as.
6 userUID represents the User this token allows authentication as.
7 authorizeToken is the name of the OAuthAuthorizationToken used to obtain this token, if any.

User Objects

Identity

When a user logs into Azure Red Hat OpenShift, they do so using a configured identity provider. This determines the user’s identity, and provides that information to Azure Red Hat OpenShift.

Azure Red Hat OpenShift then looks for a UserIdentityMapping for that Identity:

  • If the Identity already exists, but is not mapped to a User, login fails.

  • If the Identity already exists, and is mapped to a User, the user is given an OAuthAccessToken for the mapped User.

  • If the Identity does not exist, an Identity, User, and UserIdentityMapping are created, and the user is given an OAuthAccessToken for the mapped User.

Identity Object Definition
kind: "Identity"
apiVersion: "user.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "anypassword:bob" (1)
  uid: "9316ebad-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01-00:00"
providerName: "anypassword" (2)
providerUserName: "bob" (3)
user:
  name: "bob" (4)
  uid: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe" (5)
1 The identity name must be in the form providerName:providerUserName.
2 providerName is the name of the identity provider.
3 providerUserName is the name that uniquely represents this identity in the scope of the identity provider.
4 The name in the user parameter is the name of the user this identity maps to.
5 The uid represents the UID of the user this identity maps to.

User

A User represents an actor in the system. Users are granted permissions by adding roles to users or to their groups.

User objects are created automatically on first login, or can be created via the API.

Azure Red Hat OpenShift user names containing /, :, and % are not supported.
User Object Definition
kind: "User"
apiVersion: "user.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "bob" (1)
  uid: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
  resourceVersion: "1"
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01-00:00"
identities:
  - "anypassword:bob" (2)
fullName: "Bob User" (3)
1 name is the user name used when adding roles to a user.
2 The values in identities are Identity objects that map to this user. May be null or empty for users that cannot log in.
3 The fullName value is an optional display name of user.

UserIdentityMapping

A UserIdentityMapping maps an Identity to a User.

Creating, updating, or deleting a UserIdentityMapping modifies the corresponding fields in the Identity and User objects.

An Identity can only map to a single User, so logging in as a particular identity unambiguously determines the User.

A User can have multiple identities mapped to it. This allows multiple login methods to identify the same User.

UserIdentityMapping Object Definition
kind: "UserIdentityMapping"
apiVersion: "user.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "anypassword:bob" (1)
  uid: "9316ebad-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
  resourceVersion: "1"
identity:
  name: "anypassword:bob"
  uid: "9316ebad-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
user:
  name: "bob"
  uid: "9311ac33-0fde-11e5-97a1-3c970e4b7ffe"
1 UserIdentityMapping name matches the mapped Identity name

Group

A Group represents a list of users in the system. Groups are granted permissions by adding roles to users or to their groups.

Group Object Definition
kind: "Group"
apiVersion: "user.openshift.io/v1"
metadata:
  name: "developers" (1)
  creationTimestamp: "2015-01-01T01:01:01-00:00"
users:
  - "bob" (2)
1 name is the group name used when adding roles to a group.
2 The values in users are the names of User objects that are members of this group.